Shift a couple of stages from Jenkinsfile into Dockerfile #1228

Job	Run time
test-cxx (ubuntu-20.04, g++-9)	1m 0s
test-python (ubuntu-20.04, gcc-9, g++-9, 3.9)	1m 8s
test-cxx (ubuntu-22.04, g++-12)	44s
test-python (ubuntu-22.04, gcc-12, g++-12, 3.12)	1m 4s
test-cxx (ubuntu-20.04, clang++-10)	38s
test-python (ubuntu-20.04, clang-10, clang++-10, 3.12)	1m 12s
test-python (ubuntu-22.04, clang-14, clang++-14, 3.12)	54s
test-cxx (ubuntu-22.04, clang++-14)	1m 1s
test-python (macos-14, clang, clang++, 3.12)	1m 46s
test-cxx (macos-14, clang++)	1m 19s
all-builds	2m 30s
coverage	3m 0s
lint	1m 9s
cibuildwheel-macos	0s
cibuildwheel-linux	0s
sdist	0s
combine	0s
	17m 25s

Provide feedback