Google Foobar solutions

I got a Google Foobar invite! Here are my solutions, for your perusal. Repo will remain private until I finish the program and hear back.

These solutions are written in Python 2.7

Java was an option, but I wasn't really feeling using Java because I don't have a Java IDE set up right now. I'm reasonably capable in Python 3, but going in on Python 2 100% blind has been an experience...