Refactor arrays to use a reference-counted clone-on-write implementation.

[azteca1998]

Checklist

• Linked to Github Issue
• Unit tests added
• Integration tests added.
• This change requires new documentation.
  • Documentation has been added/updated.

[github-actions]

Benchmarking results

Benchmark for program factorial_2M

Open benchmarks

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
Cairo-vm (Rust, Cairo 1)	11.023 ± 0.294	10.714	11.479	24.42 ± 0.71
cairo-native (embedded AOT)	3.238 ± 0.038	3.184	3.309	7.17 ± 0.12
cairo-native (embedded JIT using LLVM's ORC Engine)	3.177 ± 0.035	3.113	3.229	7.04 ± 0.11
cairo-native (standalone AOT)	0.674 ± 0.003	0.672	0.681	1.49 ± 0.02
cairo-native (standalone AOT with -march=native)	0.451 ± 0.005	0.448	0.461	1.00

Benchmark for program fib_2M

Open benchmarks

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
Cairo-vm (Rust, Cairo 1)	10.994 ± 0.284	10.645	11.398	1373.92 ± 35.99
cairo-native (embedded AOT)	2.702 ± 0.036	2.666	2.791	337.71 ± 4.79
cairo-native (embedded JIT using LLVM's ORC Engine)	2.698 ± 0.019	2.666	2.723	337.20 ± 2.86
cairo-native (standalone AOT)	0.008 ± 0.000	0.008	0.010	1.02 ± 0.02
cairo-native (standalone AOT with -march=native)	0.008 ± 0.000	0.008	0.008	1.00

Benchmark for program logistic_map

Open benchmarks

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
Cairo-vm (Rust, Cairo 1)	4.271 ± 0.042	4.220	4.350	60.17 ± 0.60
cairo-native (embedded AOT)	2.846 ± 0.033	2.811	2.917	40.10 ± 0.47
cairo-native (embedded JIT using LLVM's ORC Engine)	3.081 ± 0.038	3.047	3.167	43.41 ± 0.54
cairo-native (standalone AOT)	0.112 ± 0.000	0.112	0.113	1.58 ± 0.00
cairo-native (standalone AOT with -march=native)	0.071 ± 0.000	0.071	0.072	1.00

[github-actions]

Benchmark results Main vs HEAD.

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
head factorial_2M.cairo (JIT)	3.349 ± 0.059	3.231	3.435	1.04 ± 0.02
base factorial_2M.cairo (JIT)	3.275 ± 0.022	3.251	3.322	1.01 ± 0.02
head factorial_2M.cairo (AOT)	3.287 ± 0.065	3.199	3.399	1.02 ± 0.03
base factorial_2M.cairo (AOT)	3.234 ± 0.048	3.176	3.319	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
head fib_2M.cairo (JIT)	2.880 ± 0.028	2.835	2.938	1.03 ± 0.02
base fib_2M.cairo (JIT)	2.944 ± 0.071	2.798	3.023	1.05 ± 0.03
head fib_2M.cairo (AOT)	2.808 ± 0.060	2.753	2.963	1.00
base fib_2M.cairo (AOT)	2.861 ± 0.097	2.740	3.002	1.02 ± 0.04

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
head logistic_map.cairo (JIT)	3.094 ± 0.030	3.057	3.160	1.06 ± 0.01
base logistic_map.cairo (JIT)	3.190 ± 0.074	3.099	3.323	1.09 ± 0.03
head logistic_map.cairo (AOT)	2.932 ± 0.025	2.908	2.980	1.00
base logistic_map.cairo (AOT)	2.968 ± 0.028	2.935	3.006	1.01 ± 0.01