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NVIDIA device plugin for Kubernetes

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Table of Contents

About

The NVIDIA device plugin for Kubernetes is a Daemonset that allows you to automatically:

  • Expose the number of GPUs on each nodes of your cluster
  • Keep track of the health of your GPUs
  • Run GPU enabled containers in your Kubernetes cluster.

This repository contains NVIDIA's official implementation of the Kubernetes device plugin. As of v0.15.0 this repository also holds the implementation for GPU Feature Discovery labels, for further information on GPU Feature Discovery see here.

Please note that:

  • The NVIDIA device plugin API is beta as of Kubernetes v1.10.
  • The NVIDIA device plugin is currently lacking
    • Comprehensive GPU health checking features
    • GPU cleanup features
  • Support will only be provided for the official NVIDIA device plugin (and not for forks or other variants of this plugin).

Prerequisites

The list of prerequisites for running the NVIDIA device plugin is described below:

  • NVIDIA drivers ~= 384.81
  • nvidia-docker >= 2.0 || nvidia-container-toolkit >= 1.7.0 (>= 1.11.0 to use integrated GPUs on Tegra-based systems)
  • nvidia-container-runtime configured as the default low-level runtime
  • Kubernetes version >= 1.10

Quick Start

Preparing your GPU Nodes

The following steps need to be executed on all your GPU nodes. This README assumes that the NVIDIA drivers and the nvidia-container-toolkit have been pre-installed. It also assumes that you have configured the nvidia-container-runtime as the default low-level runtime to use.

Please see: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html

Example for debian-based systems with docker and containerd

Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit

For instructions on installing and getting started with the NVIDIA Container Toolkit, refer to the installation guide.

Also note the configuration instructions for:

Remembering to restart each runtime after applying the configuration changes.

If the nvidia runtime should be set as the default runtime (required for docker), the --set-as-default argument must also be included in the commands above. If this is not done, a RuntimeClass needs to be defined.

Notes on CRI-O configuration

When running kubernetes with CRI-O, add the config file to set the nvidia-container-runtime as the default low-level OCI runtime under /etc/crio/crio.conf.d/99-nvidia.conf. This will take priority over the default crun config file at /etc/crio/crio.conf.d/10-crun.conf:

[crio]

  [crio.runtime]
    default_runtime = "nvidia"

    [crio.runtime.runtimes]

      [crio.runtime.runtimes.nvidia]
        runtime_path = "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime"
        runtime_type = "oci"

As stated in the linked documentation, this file can automatically be generated with the nvidia-ctk command:

sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=crio --set-as-default --config=/etc/crio/crio.conf.d/99-nvidia.conf

CRI-O uses crun as default low-level OCI runtime so crun needs to be added to the runtimes of the nvidia-container-runtime in the config file at /etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml:

[nvidia-container-runtime]
runtimes = ["crun", "docker-runc", "runc"]

And then restart CRI-O:

sudo systemctl restart crio

Enabling GPU Support in Kubernetes

Once you have configured the options above on all the GPU nodes in your cluster, you can enable GPU support by deploying the following Daemonset:

kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/v0.16.2/deployments/static/nvidia-device-plugin.yml

Note: This is a simple static daemonset meant to demonstrate the basic features of the nvidia-device-plugin. Please see the instructions below for Deployment via helm when deploying the plugin in a production setting.

Running GPU Jobs

With the daemonset deployed, NVIDIA GPUs can now be requested by a container using the nvidia.com/gpu resource type:

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: gpu-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
    - name: cuda-container
      image: nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s/cuda-sample:vectoradd-cuda12.5.0
      resources:
        limits:
          nvidia.com/gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU
  tolerations:
  - key: nvidia.com/gpu
    operator: Exists
    effect: NoSchedule
EOF
$ kubectl logs gpu-pod
[Vector addition of 50000 elements]
Copy input data from the host memory to the CUDA device
CUDA kernel launch with 196 blocks of 256 threads
Copy output data from the CUDA device to the host memory
Test PASSED
Done

Warning

If you do not request GPUs when you use the device plugin, the plugin exposes all the GPUs on the machine inside your container.

Configuring the NVIDIA device plugin binary

The NVIDIA device plugin has a number of options that can be configured for it. These options can be configured as command line flags, environment variables, or via a config file when launching the device plugin. Here we explain what each of these options are and how to configure them directly against the plugin binary. The following section explains how to set these configurations when deploying the plugin via helm.

As command line flags or envvars

Flag Environment Variable Default Value
--mig-strategy $MIG_STRATEGY "none"
--fail-on-init-error $FAIL_ON_INIT_ERROR true
--nvidia-driver-root $NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT "/"
--pass-device-specs $PASS_DEVICE_SPECS false
--device-list-strategy $DEVICE_LIST_STRATEGY "envvar"
--device-id-strategy $DEVICE_ID_STRATEGY "uuid"
--config-file $CONFIG_FILE ""

As a configuration file

version: v1
flags:
  migStrategy: "none"
  failOnInitError: true
  nvidiaDriverRoot: "/"
  plugin:
    passDeviceSpecs: false
    deviceListStrategy: "envvar"
    deviceIDStrategy: "uuid"

Note: The configuration file has an explicit plugin section because it is a shared configuration between the plugin and gpu-feature-discovery. All options inside the plugin section are specific to the plugin. All options outside of this section are shared.

Configuration Option Details

MIG_STRATEGY: the desired strategy for exposing MIG devices on GPUs that support it

[none | single | mixed] (default 'none')

The MIG_STRATEGY option configures the daemonset to be able to expose Multi-Instance GPUs (MIG) on GPUs that support them. More information on what these strategies are and how they should be used can be found in Supporting Multi-Instance GPUs (MIG) in Kubernetes.

Note: With a MIG_STRATEGY of mixed, you will have additional resources available to you of the form nvidia.com/mig-<slice_count>g.<memory_size>gb that you can set in your pod spec to get access to a specific MIG device.

FAIL_ON_INIT_ERROR: fail the plugin if an error is encountered during initialization, otherwise block indefinitely

(default 'true')

When set to true, the FAIL_ON_INIT_ERROR option fails the plugin if an error is encountered during initialization. When set to false, it prints an error message and blocks the plugin indefinitely instead of failing. Blocking indefinitely follows legacy semantics that allow the plugin to deploy successfully on nodes that don't have GPUs on them (and aren't supposed to have GPUs on them) without throwing an error. In this way, you can blindly deploy a daemonset with the plugin on all nodes in your cluster, whether they have GPUs on them or not, without encountering an error. However, doing so means that there is no way to detect an actual error on nodes that are supposed to have GPUs on them. Failing if an initialization error is encountered is now the default and should be adopted by all new deployments.

NVIDIA_DRIVER_ROOT: the root path for the NVIDIA driver installation

(default '/')

When the NVIDIA drivers are installed directly on the host, this should be set to '/'. When installed elsewhere (e.g. via a driver container), this should be set to the root filesystem where the drivers are installed (e.g. '/run/nvidia/driver').

Note: This option is only necessary when used in conjunction with the $PASS_DEVICE_SPECS option described below. It tells the plugin what prefix to add to any device file paths passed back as part of the device specs.

PASS_DEVICE_SPECS: pass the paths and desired device node permissions for any NVIDIA devices being allocated to the container

(default 'false')

This option exists for the sole purpose of allowing the device plugin to interoperate with the CPUManager in Kubernetes. Setting this flag also requires one to deploy the daemonset with elevated privileges, so only do so if you know you need to interoperate with the CPUManager.

DEVICE_LIST_STRATEGY: the desired strategy for passing the device list to the underlying runtime

[envvar | volume-mounts | cdi-annotations | cdi-cri ] (default 'envvar')

Note: Multiple device list strategies can be specified (as a comma-separated list).

The DEVICE_LIST_STRATEGY flag allows one to choose which strategy the plugin will use to advertise the list of GPUs allocated to a container. Possible values are:

  • envvar (default): the NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES environment variable as described here is used to select the devices that are to be injected by the NVIDIA Container Runtime.
  • volume-mounts: the list of devices is passed as a set of volume mounts instead of as an environment variable to instruct the NVIDIA Container Runtime to inject the devices. Details for the rationale behind this strategy can be found here.
  • cdi-annotations: CDI annotations are used to select the devices that are to be injected. Note that this does not require the NVIDIA Container Runtime, but does required a CDI-enabled container engine.
  • cdi-cri: the CDIDevices CRI field is used to select the CDI devices that are to be injected. This requires support in Kubernetes to forward these requests in the CRI to a CDI-enabled container engine.

DEVICE_ID_STRATEGY: the desired strategy for passing device IDs to the underlying runtime

[uuid | index] (default 'uuid')

The DEVICE_ID_STRATEGY flag allows one to choose which strategy the plugin will use to pass the device ID of the GPUs allocated to a container. The device ID has traditionally been passed as the UUID of the GPU. This flag lets a user decide if they would like to use the UUID or the index of the GPU (as seen in the output of nvidia-smi) as the identifier passed to the underlying runtime. Passing the index may be desirable in situations where pods that have been allocated GPUs by the plugin get restarted with different physical GPUs attached to them.

CONFIG_FILE: point the plugin at a configuration file instead of relying on command line flags or environment variables

(default '')

The order of precedence for setting each option is (1) command line flag, (2) environment variable, (3) configuration file. In this way, one could use a pre-defined configuration file, but then override the values set in it at launch time. As described below, a ConfigMap can be used to point the plugin at a desired configuration file when deploying via helm.

Shared Access to GPUs

The NVIDIA device plugin allows oversubscription of GPUs through a set of extended options in its configuration file. There are two flavors of sharing available: Time-Slicing and MPS.

Note

Time-slicing and MPS are mutually exclusive.

In the case of time-slicing, CUDA time-slicing is used to allow workloads sharing a GPU to interleave with each other. However, nothing special is done to isolate workloads that are granted replicas from the same underlying GPU, and each workload has access to the GPU memory and runs in the same fault-domain as of all the others (meaning if one workload crashes, they all do).

In the case of MPS, a control daemon is used to manage access to the shared GPU. In contrast to time-slicing, MPS does space partitioning and allows memory and compute resources to be explicitly partitioned and enforces these limits per workload.

With both time-slicing and MPS, the same sharing method is applied to all GPUs on a node. You cannot configure sharing on a per-GPU basis.

With CUDA Time-Slicing

The extended options for sharing using time-slicing can be seen below:

version: v1
sharing:
  timeSlicing:
    renameByDefault: <bool>
    failRequestsGreaterThanOne: <bool>
    resources:
    - name: <resource-name>
      replicas: <num-replicas>
    ...

That is, for each named resource under sharing.timeSlicing.resources, a number of replicas can now be specified for that resource type. These replicas represent the number of shared accesses that will be granted for a GPU represented by that resource type.

If renameByDefault=true, then each resource will be advertised under the name <resource-name>.shared instead of simply <resource-name>.

If failRequestsGreaterThanOne=true, then the plugin will fail to allocate any shared resources to a container if they request more than one. The container’s pod will fail with an UnexpectedAdmissionError and need to be manually deleted, updated, and redeployed.

For example:

version: v1
sharing:
  timeSlicing:
    resources:
    - name: nvidia.com/gpu
      replicas: 10

If this configuration were applied to a node with 8 GPUs on it, the plugin would now advertise 80 nvidia.com/gpu resources to Kubernetes instead of 8.

$ kubectl describe node
...
Capacity:
  nvidia.com/gpu: 80
...

Likewise, if the following configuration were applied to a node, then 80 nvidia.com/gpu.shared resources would be advertised to Kubernetes instead of 8 nvidia.com/gpu resources.

version: v1
sharing:
  timeSlicing:
    renameByDefault: true
    resources:
    - name: nvidia.com/gpu
      replicas: 10
    ...
$ kubectl describe node
...
Capacity:
  nvidia.com/gpu.shared: 80
...

In both cases, the plugin simply creates 10 references to each GPU and indiscriminately hands them out to anyone that asks for them.

If failRequestsGreaterThanOne=true were set in either of these configurations and a user requested more than one nvidia.com/gpu or nvidia.com/gpu.shared resource in their pod spec, then the container would fail with the resulting error:

$ kubectl describe pod gpu-pod
...
Events:
  Type     Reason                    Age   From               Message
  ----     ------                    ----  ----               -------
  Warning  UnexpectedAdmissionError  13s   kubelet            Allocate failed due to rpc error: code = Unknown desc = request for 'nvidia.com/gpu: 2' too large: maximum request size for shared resources is 1, which is unexpected
...

Note: Unlike with "normal" GPU requests, requesting more than one shared GPU does not imply that you will get guaranteed access to a proportional amount of compute power. It only implies that you will get access to a GPU that is shared by other clients (each of which has the freedom to run as many processes on the underlying GPU as they want). Under the hood CUDA will simply give an equal share of time to all of the GPU processes across all of the clients. The failRequestsGreaterThanOne flag is meant to help users understand this subtlety, by treating a request of 1 as an access request rather than an exclusive resource request. Setting failRequestsGreaterThanOne=true is recommended, but it is set to false by default to retain backwards compatibility.

As of now, the only supported resource available for time-slicing are nvidia.com/gpu as well as any of the resource types that emerge from configuring a node with the mixed MIG strategy.

For example, the full set of time-sliceable resources on a T4 card would be:

nvidia.com/gpu

And the full set of time-sliceable resources on an A100 40GB card would be:

nvidia.com/gpu
nvidia.com/mig-1g.5gb
nvidia.com/mig-2g.10gb
nvidia.com/mig-3g.20gb
nvidia.com/mig-7g.40gb

Likewise, on an A100 80GB card, they would be:

nvidia.com/gpu
nvidia.com/mig-1g.10gb
nvidia.com/mig-2g.20gb
nvidia.com/mig-3g.40gb
nvidia.com/mig-7g.80gb

With CUDA MPS

Warning

As of v0.15.0 of the device plugin, MPS support is considered experimental. Please see the release notes for further details.

Note

Sharing with MPS is currently not supported on devices with MIG enabled.

The extended options for sharing using MPS can be seen below:

version: v1
sharing:
  mps:
    renameByDefault: <bool>
    resources:
    - name: <resource-name>
      replicas: <num-replicas>
    ...

That is, for each named resource under sharing.mps.resources, a number of replicas can be specified for that resource type. As is the case with time-slicing, these replicas represent the number of shared accesses that will be granted for a GPU associated with that resource type. In contrast with time-slicing, the amount of memory allowed per client (i.e. per partition) is managed by the MPS control daemon and limited to an equal fraction of the total device memory. In addition to controlling the amount of memory that each client can consume, the MPS control daemon also limits the amount of compute capacity that can be consumed by a client.

If renameByDefault=true, then each resource will be advertised under the name <resource-name>.shared instead of simply <resource-name>.

For example:

version: v1
sharing:
  mps:
    resources:
    - name: nvidia.com/gpu
      replicas: 10

If this configuration were applied to a node with 8 GPUs on it, the plugin would now advertise 80 nvidia.com/gpu resources to Kubernetes instead of 8.

$ kubectl describe node
...
Capacity:
  nvidia.com/gpu: 80
...

Likewise, if the following configuration were applied to a node, then 80 nvidia.com/gpu.shared resources would be advertised to Kubernetes instead of 8 nvidia.com/gpu resources.

version: v1
sharing:
  mps:
    renameByDefault: true
    resources:
    - name: nvidia.com/gpu
      replicas: 10
    ...
$ kubectl describe node
...
Capacity:
  nvidia.com/gpu.shared: 80
...

Furthermore, each of these resources -- either nvidia.com/gpu or nvidia.com/gpu.shared -- would have access to the same fraction (1/10) of the total memory and compute resources of the GPU.

Note: As of now, the only supported resource available for MPS are nvidia.com/gpu resources and only with full GPUs.

IMEX Support

The NVIDIA GPU Device Plugin can be configured to inject IMEX channels into workloads.

This opt-in behavior is global and affects all workloads and is controlled by the imex.channelIDs and imex.required configuration options.

imex.channelIDs imex.required Effect
[] * (default) No IMEX channels are added to workload requests. Note that the imex.required field has no effect in this case
[0] false If the requested IMEX channel (0) is discoverable by the NVIDIA GPU Device Plugin, the channel will be added to each workload request. If the channel cannot be discovered no channels are added to workload requests.
[0] true If the requested IMEX channel (0) is discoverable by the NVIDIA GPU Device Plugin, the channel will be added to each workload request. If the channel cannot be discovered an error will be raised since the channel was marked as required.

Note: At present the only valid imex.channelIDs configurations are [] and [0].

For the containerized NVIDIA GPU Device Plugin running to be able to successfully discover available IMEX channels, the corresponding device nodes must be available to the container.

Catalog of Labels

The NVIDIA device plugin reads and writes a number of different labels that it uses as either configuration elements or informational elements. The following table documents and describes each label along with their use. See the related table here for the labels GFD adds.

Label Name Description Example
nvidia.com/device-plugin.config Specifies the configuration to apply to the node. You apply this this label to perform per-node configuration. Refer to Updating Per-Node Configuration With a Node Label for details. my-mps-config
nvidia.com/gpu.sharing-strategy Specifies the sharing strategy. The default value, none, indicates no sharing. Other values are mps and time-slicing. time-slicing
nvidia.com/mig.capable Specifies if any device on the node supports MIG. false
nvidia.com/mps.capable Specifies if devices on the node are configured for MPS. false
nvidia.com/gpu.sharing-strategy Specifies the sharing strategy. The default value, none, indicates no sharing. Other values are mps and time-slicing. time-slicing
nvidia.com/mig.capable Specifies if any device on the node supports MIG. false
nvidia.com/mps.capable Specifies if devices on the node are configured for MPS. false
nvidia.com/vgpu.present Specifies if devices on the node use vGPU. false
nvidia.com/vgpu.host-driver-branch Specifies the vGPU host driver branch on the underlying hypervisor. r550_40
nvidia.com/vgpu.host-driver-version Specifies the vGPU host driver version on the underlying hypervisor. 550.54.16

Deployment via helm

The preferred method to deploy the device plugin is as a daemonset using helm. Instructions for installing helm can be found here.

Begin by setting up the plugin's helm repository and updating it at follows:

helm repo add nvdp https://nvidia.github.io/k8s-device-plugin
helm repo update

Then verify that the latest release (v0.16.2) of the plugin is available:

$ helm search repo nvdp --devel
NAME                     	  CHART VERSION  APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION
nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin	  0.16.2	 0.16.2		A Helm chart for ...

Once this repo is updated, you can begin installing packages from it to deploy the nvidia-device-plugin helm chart.

The most basic installation command without any options is then:

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --version 0.16.2

Note: You only need the to pass the --devel flag to helm search repo and the --version flag to helm upgrade -i if this is a pre-release version (e.g. <version>-rc.1). Full releases will be listed without this.

Configuring the device plugin's helm chart

The helm chart for the latest release of the plugin (v0.16.2) includes a number of customizable values.

Prior to v0.12.0 the most commonly used values were those that had direct mappings to the command line options of the plugin binary. As of v0.12.0, the preferred method to set these options is via a ConfigMap. The primary use case of the original values is then to override an option from the ConfigMap if desired. Both methods are discussed in more detail below.

The full set of values that can be set are found here: here.

Passing configuration to the plugin via a ConfigMap

In general, we provide a mechanism to pass multiple configuration files to to the plugin's helm chart, with the ability to choose which configuration file should be applied to a node via a node label.

In this way, a single chart can be used to deploy each component, but custom configurations can be applied to different nodes throughout the cluster.

There are two ways to provide a ConfigMap for use by the plugin:

  1. Via an external reference to a pre-defined ConfigMap
  2. As a set of named config files to build an integrated ConfigMap associated with the chart

These can be set via the chart values config.name and config.map respectively. In both cases, the value config.default can be set to point to one of the named configs in the ConfigMap and provide a default configuration for nodes that have not been customized via a node label (more on this later).

Single Config File Example

As an example, create a valid config file on your local filesystem, such as the following:

cat << EOF > /tmp/dp-example-config0.yaml
version: v1
flags:
  migStrategy: "none"
  failOnInitError: true
  nvidiaDriverRoot: "/"
  plugin:
    passDeviceSpecs: false
    deviceListStrategy: envvar
    deviceIDStrategy: uuid
EOF

And deploy the device plugin via helm (pointing it at this config file and giving it a name):

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set-file config.map.config=/tmp/dp-example-config0.yaml

Under the hood this will deploy a ConfigMap associated with the plugin and put the contents of the dp-example-config0.yaml file into it, using the name config as its key. It will then start the plugin such that this config gets applied when the plugin comes online.

If you don’t want the plugin’s helm chart to create the ConfigMap for you, you can also point it at a pre-created ConfigMap as follows:

kubectl create ns nvidia-device-plugin
kubectl create cm -n nvidia-device-plugin nvidia-plugin-configs \
  --from-file=config=/tmp/dp-example-config0.yaml
helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set config.name=nvidia-plugin-configs
Multiple Config File Example

For multiple config files, the procedure is similar.

Create a second config file with the following contents:

cat << EOF > /tmp/dp-example-config1.yaml
version: v1
flags:
  migStrategy: "mixed" # Only change from config0.yaml
  failOnInitError: true
  nvidiaDriverRoot: "/"
  plugin:
    passDeviceSpecs: false
    deviceListStrategy: envvar
    deviceIDStrategy: uuid
EOF

And redeploy the device plugin via helm (pointing it at both configs with a specified default).

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set config.default=config0 \
  --set-file config.map.config0=/tmp/dp-example-config0.yaml \
  --set-file config.map.config1=/tmp/dp-example-config1.yaml

As before, this can also be done with a pre-created ConfigMap if desired:

kubectl create ns nvidia-device-plugin
kubectl create cm -n nvidia-device-plugin nvidia-plugin-configs \
  --from-file=config0=/tmp/dp-example-config0.yaml \
  --from-file=config1=/tmp/dp-example-config1.yaml
helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set config.default=config0 \
  --set config.name=nvidia-plugin-configs

Note: If the config.default flag is not explicitly set, then a default value will be inferred from the config if one of the config names is set to 'default'. If neither of these are set, then the deployment will fail unless there is only one config provided. In the case of just a single config being provided, it will be chosen as the default because there is no other option.

Updating Per-Node Configuration With a Node Label

With this setup, plugins on all nodes will have config0 configured for them by default. However, the following label can be set to change which configuration is applied:

kubectl label nodes <node-name> –-overwrite \
  nvidia.com/device-plugin.config=<config-name>

For example, applying a custom config for all nodes that have T4 GPUs installed on them might be:

kubectl label node \
  --overwrite \
  --selector=nvidia.com/gpu.product=TESLA-T4 \
  nvidia.com/device-plugin.config=t4-config

Note: This label can be applied either before or after the plugin is started to get the desired configuration applied on the node. Anytime it changes value, the plugin will immediately be updated to start serving the desired configuration. If it is set to an unknown value, it will skip reconfiguration. If it is ever unset, it will fallback to the default.

Setting other helm chart values

As mentioned previously, the device plugin's helm chart continues to provide direct values to set the configuration options of the plugin without using a ConfigMap. These should only be used to set globally applicable options (which should then never be embedded in the set of config files provided by the ConfigMap), or used to override these options as desired.

These values are as follows:

  migStrategy:
      the desired strategy for exposing MIG devices on GPUs that support it
      [none | single | mixed] (default "none")
  failOnInitError:
      fail the plugin if an error is encountered during initialization, otherwise block indefinitely
      (default 'true')
  compatWithCPUManager:
      run with escalated privileges to be compatible with the static CPUManager policy
      (default 'false')
  deviceListStrategy:
      the desired strategy for passing the device list to the underlying runtime
      [envvar | volume-mounts | cdi-annotations | cdi-cri] (default "envvar")
  deviceIDStrategy:
      the desired strategy for passing device IDs to the underlying runtime
      [uuid | index] (default "uuid")
  nvidiaDriverRoot:
      the root path for the NVIDIA driver installation (typical values are '/' or '/run/nvidia/driver')

Note: There is no value that directly maps to the PASS_DEVICE_SPECS configuration option of the plugin. Instead a value called compatWithCPUManager is provided which acts as a proxy for this option. It both sets the PASS_DEVICE_SPECS option of the plugin to true AND makes sure that the plugin is started with elevated privileges to ensure proper compatibility with the CPUManager.

Besides these custom configuration options for the plugin, other standard helm chart values that are commonly overridden are:

runtimeClassName:
  the runtimeClassName to use, for use with clusters that have multiple runtimes. (typical value is 'nvidia')

Please take a look in the values.yaml file to see the full set of overridable parameters for the device plugin.

Examples of setting these options include:

Enabling compatibility with the CPUManager and running with a request for 100ms of CPU time and a limit of 512MB of memory.

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set compatWithCPUManager=true \
  --set resources.requests.cpu=100m \
  --set resources.limits.memory=512Mi

Enabling compatibility with the CPUManager and the mixed migStrategy.

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set compatWithCPUManager=true \
  --set migStrategy=mixed

Deploying with gpu-feature-discovery for automatic node labels

As of v0.12.0, the device plugin's helm chart has integrated support to deploy gpu-feature-discovery (GFD). You can use GFD to automatically generate labels for the set of GPUs available on a node. Under the hood, it leverages Node Feature Discovery to perform this labeling.

To enable it, simply set gfd.enabled=true during helm install.

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version=0.16.2 \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  --set gfd.enabled=true

Under the hood this will also deploy node-feature-discovery (NFD) since it is a prerequisite of GFD. If you already have NFD deployed on your cluster and do not wish for it to be pulled in by this installation, you can disable it with nfd.enabled=false.

In addition to the standard node labels applied by GFD, the following label will also be included when deploying the plugin with the time-slicing or MPS extensions described above.

nvidia.com/<resource-name>.replicas = <num-replicas>

Additionally, the nvidia.com/<resource-name>.product will be modified as follows if renameByDefault=false.

nvidia.com/<resource-name>.product = <product name>-SHARED

Using these labels, users have a way of selecting a shared vs. non-shared GPU in the same way they would traditionally select one GPU model over another. That is, the SHARED annotation ensures that a nodeSelector can be used to attract pods to nodes that have shared GPUs on them.

Since having renameByDefault=true already encodes the fact that the resource is shared on the resource name, there is no need to annotate the product name with SHARED. Users can already find the shared resources they need by simply requesting it in their pod spec.

Note: When running with renameByDefault=false and migStrategy=single both the MIG profile name and the new SHARED annotation will be appended to the product name, e.g.:

nvidia.com/gpu.product = A100-SXM4-40GB-MIG-1g.5gb-SHARED

Deploying gpu-feature-discovery in standalone mode

As of v0.15.0, the device plugin's helm chart has integrated support to deploy gpu-feature-discovery

When gpu-feature-discovery in deploying standalone, begin by setting up the plugin's helm repository and updating it at follows:

helm repo add nvdp https://nvidia.github.io/k8s-device-plugin
helm repo update

Then verify that the latest release (v0.16.2) of the plugin is available (Note that this includes the GFD chart):

helm search repo nvdp --devel
NAME                     	  CHART VERSION  APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION
nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin	  0.16.2	 0.16.2		A Helm chart for ...

Once this repo is updated, you can begin installing packages from it to deploy the gpu-feature-discovery component in standalone mode.

The most basic installation command without any options is then:

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
  --version 0.16.2 \
  --namespace gpu-feature-discovery \
  --create-namespace \
  --set devicePlugin.enabled=false

Disabling auto-deployment of NFD and running with a MIG strategy of 'mixed' in the default namespace.

helm upgrade -i nvdp nvdp/nvidia-device-plugin \
    --version=0.16.2 \
    --set allowDefaultNamespace=true \
    --set nfd.enabled=false \
    --set migStrategy=mixed \
    --set devicePlugin.enabled=false

Note: You only need the to pass the --devel flag to helm search repo and the --version flag to helm upgrade -i if this is a pre-release version (e.g. <version>-rc.1). Full releases will be listed without this.

Deploying via helm install with a direct URL to the helm package

If you prefer not to install from the nvidia-device-plugin helm repo, you can run helm install directly against the tarball of the plugin's helm package. The example below installs the same chart as the method above, except that it uses a direct URL to the helm chart instead of via the helm repo.

Using the default values for the flags:

helm upgrade -i nvdp \
  --namespace nvidia-device-plugin \
  --create-namespace \
  https://nvidia.github.io/k8s-device-plugin/stable/nvidia-device-plugin-0.16.2.tgz

Building and Running Locally

The next sections are focused on building the device plugin locally and running it. It is intended purely for development and testing, and not required by most users. It assumes you are pinning to the latest release tag (i.e. v0.16.2), but can easily be modified to work with any available tag or branch.

With Docker

Build

Option 1, pull the prebuilt image from Docker Hub:

docker pull nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:v0.16.2
docker tag nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:v0.16.2 nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:devel

Option 2, build without cloning the repository:

docker build \
  -t nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:devel \
  -f deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubuntu \
  https://github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin.git#v0.16.2

Option 3, if you want to modify the code:

git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin.git && cd k8s-device-plugin
docker build \
  -t nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:devel \
  -f deployments/container/Dockerfile.ubuntu \
  .

Run

Without compatibility for the CPUManager static policy:

docker run \
  -it \
  --security-opt=no-new-privileges \
  --cap-drop=ALL \
  --network=none \
  -v /var/lib/kubelet/device-plugins:/var/lib/kubelet/device-plugins \
  nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:devel

With compatibility for the CPUManager static policy:

docker run \
  -it \
  --privileged \
  --network=none \
  -v /var/lib/kubelet/device-plugins:/var/lib/kubelet/device-plugins \
  nvcr.io/nvidia/k8s-device-plugin:devel --pass-device-specs

Without Docker

Build

C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/include LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64 go build

Run

Without compatibility for the CPUManager static policy:

./k8s-device-plugin

With compatibility for the CPUManager static policy:

./k8s-device-plugin --pass-device-specs

Changelog

See the changelog

Issues and Contributing

Checkout the Contributing document!

Versioning

Before v1.10 the versioning scheme of the device plugin had to match exactly the version of Kubernetes. After the promotion of device plugins to beta this condition was was no longer required. We quickly noticed that this versioning scheme was very confusing for users as they still expected to see a version of the device plugin for each version of Kubernetes.

This versioning scheme applies to the tags v1.8, v1.9, v1.10, v1.11, v1.12.

We have now changed the versioning to follow SEMVER. The first version following this scheme has been tagged v0.0.0.

Going forward, the major version of the device plugin will only change following a change in the device plugin API itself. For example, version v1beta1 of the device plugin API corresponds to version v0.x.x of the device plugin. If a new v2beta2 version of the device plugin API comes out, then the device plugin will increase its major version to 1.x.x.

As of now, the device plugin API for Kubernetes >= v1.10 is v1beta1. If you have a version of Kubernetes >= 1.10 you can deploy any device plugin version > v0.0.0.

Upgrading Kubernetes with the Device Plugin

Upgrading Kubernetes when you have a device plugin deployed doesn't require you to do any, particular changes to your workflow. The API is versioned and is pretty stable (though it is not guaranteed to be non breaking). Starting with Kubernetes version 1.10, you can use v0.3.0 of the device plugin to perform upgrades, and Kubernetes won't require you to deploy a different version of the device plugin. Once a node comes back online after the upgrade, you will see GPUs re-registering themselves automatically.

Upgrading the device plugin itself is a more complex task. It is recommended to drain GPU tasks as we cannot guarantee that GPU tasks will survive a rolling upgrade. However we make best efforts to preserve GPU tasks during an upgrade.

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NVIDIA device plugin for Kubernetes

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