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mqtt-proxy
Apache APISIX
API Gateway
Plugin
MQTT Proxy
This document contains information about the Apache APISIX mqtt-proxy Plugin. The `mqtt-proxy` Plugin is used for dynamic load balancing with `client_id` of MQTT.

Description

The mqtt-proxy Plugin is used for dynamic load balancing with client_id of MQTT. It only works in stream model.

This Plugin supports both the protocols 3.1.* and 5.0.

Attributes

Name Type Required Description
protocol_name string True Name of the protocol. Generally MQTT.
protocol_level integer True Level of the protocol. It should be 4 for MQTT 3.1.* and 5 for MQTT 5.0.

Enabling the Plugin

To enable the Plugin, you need to first enable the stream_proxy configuration in your configuration file (conf/config.yaml). The below configuration represents listening on the 9100 TCP port:

    ...
    router:
        http: 'radixtree_uri'
        ssl: 'radixtree_sni'
    stream_proxy:                 # TCP/UDP proxy
      only: false                 # needed if HTTP and Stream Proxy should be enabled
      tcp:                        # TCP proxy port list
        - 9100
    dns_resolver:
    ...

You can now send the MQTT request to port 9100.

You can now create a stream Route and enable the mqtt-proxy Plugin:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/stream_routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "plugins": {
        "mqtt-proxy": {
            "protocol_name": "MQTT",
            "protocol_level": 4
        }
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "roundrobin",
        "nodes": [{
            "host": "127.0.0.1",
            "port": 1980,
            "weight": 1
        }]
    }
}'

:::note

If you are using Docker in macOS, then host.docker.internal is the right parameter for the host attribute.

:::

This Plugin exposes a variable mqtt_client_id which can be used for load balancing as shown below:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/stream_routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "plugins": {
        "mqtt-proxy": {
            "protocol_name": "MQTT",
            "protocol_level": 4
        }
    },
    "upstream": {
        "type": "chash",
        "key": "mqtt_client_id",
        "nodes": [
        {
            "host": "127.0.0.1",
            "port": 1995,
            "weight": 1
        },
        {
            "host": "127.0.0.2",
            "port": 1995,
            "weight": 1
        }
        ]
    }
}'

MQTT connections with different client ID will be forwarded to different nodes based on the consistent hash algorithm. If client ID is missing, client IP is used instead for load balancing.

Enabling mTLS with mqtt-proxy plugin

Stream proxies use TCP connections and can accept TLS. Follow the guide about how to accept tls over tcp connections to open a stream proxy with enabled TLS.

The mqtt-proxy plugin is enabled through TCP communications on the specified port for the stream proxy, and will also require clients to authenticate via TLS if tls is set to true.

Configure ssl providing the CA certificate and the server certificate, together with a list of SNIs. Steps to protect stream_routes with ssl are equivalent to the ones to protect Routes.

Create a stream_route using mqtt-proxy plugin and mTLS

Here is an example of how create a stream_route which is using the mqtt-proxy plugin, providing the CA certificate, the client certificate and the client key (for self-signed certificates which are not trusted by your host, use the -k flag):

curl 127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/stream_routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d '
{
    "plugins": {
        "mqtt-proxy": {
            "protocol_name": "MQTT",
            "protocol_level": 4
        }
    },
    "sni": "${your_sni_name}",
    "upstream": {
        "nodes": {
            "127.0.0.1:1980": 1
        },
        "type": "roundrobin"
    }
}'

The sni name must match one or more of the SNIs provided to the SSL object that you created with the CA and server certificates.

Disable Plugin

To disable the mqtt-proxy Plugin you can remove the corresponding configuration as shown below:

curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/stream_routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X DELETE