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Character Set News
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.dcom.telecom
Path: cs.utk.edu!emory!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!howland.reston.ans.net
!spool.mu.edu!telecom-request
Date: 29 Oct 1993 12:20 -0600
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
X-Telecom-Digest: Volume 13, Issue 725, Message 1 of 8
From: Rob Slade <[email protected]>
Subject: Book Review: "The Unicode Standard"
BKUNICOD.RVW 980921
Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
P.O. Box 520
26 Prince Andrew Place
Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2T8
416-447-5101 fax: 416-443-0948
or
1 Jacob Way
Reading, MA 01867-9984
800-527-5210 617-944-3700
or
5851 Guion Road
Indianapolis, IN 46254
800-447-2226
or
Unicode, Inc.
1965 Charleston Road
Mountain View, CA 94043
(415) 961-4189 Fax: (415) 966-1637
"The Unicode Standard", U$32.95/C$42.95
In the dim and distant past, the late (and generally unlamented) SUZY
Information System was born in Vancouver. Rather an oddball as far as
online services went, one "feature" was that the programmer had tried
to allow for the use of all of the IBM graphics characters. This led
to an entirely new field of "smiley" or "emoticon" (emotional icon)
endeavours. Instead of the usual sideways happy face of the colon,
hyphen and right parenthesis; ":-)"; we were able to use the "Ctrl-A"
alternative of the IBM PC character set. Having a decimal value of
one, this character is an upright happy face. This allowed other
expansions, such as Ctrl-A and the right square bracket, which looks
like a face and a telephone handset, and was used (usually in the
"chat" modes) for "I am on the phone."
"How nice," I hear you mutter between clenched teeth. "Can we now get
on with the review?" Patience, stout nerds. This *is* the review.
As SUZY users, particularly those who had been introduced to computer
communications on the system, moved on to other services or local
bulletin boards, they were usually quite shocked to find that their
favourite symbols no longer worked. The little diamond (Ctrl-C) would
kill a message on a VAX. Fidonet users might find that the cute
tagline they had formed from graphics characters completely
disappeared when they sent the message through an Internet gateway.
ASCII (the American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is
widely, and mistakenly, believed to define two hundred and fifty-six
characters.
It doesn't.
Furthermore, of the hundred and twenty-eight characters it does
define, many are "control" rather than printable characters. (The
"card suit" symbols on the IBM PC graphics set are defined as "end of
text", "end of transmission", "enquiry" and "acknowledgement" under
the real ASCII standard.) In addition, many believe ASCII to be a
universal standard; also not true. An octet with the decimal value
thirty-five, for example, is the number sign (sometimes called an
"octothorpe") in the United States, but a pound sign (the British
currency) in Britain. As with most fields of computer endeavor, the
nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from.
Many vary only slightly--but they vary.
The point is that there are a number of symbols which we commonly
know, but which cannot be consistently displayed on terminals or
printers. Certain terminals will have certain "international"
character sets, but not all are identical. Accents and other phonetic
modifiers may be difficult to handle: entire character sets are given
over strictly to accented characters. (In Canada we are acutely aware
of the problems, with "French" keyboards used at many sites. On one,
I was having difficulty finding some necessary punctuation marks for
network addressing, and asked a Francophone programmer for help. "Who
knows," he growled, "I never use the ____ things!")
Unicode seeks to address this problem. Including not only the
variations on the Latin alphabet, Unicode incorporates Greek,
Cyrillic, Hebrew and other alphabets. It also includes punctuation,
diacriticals, mathematical and scientific symbols and miscellaneous
graphics. Asian ideographs are also assigned codes. This is no
longer suitable, of course, for a seven-bit code, and Unicode is based
on a sixteen-bit address space.
The book gives some background and plans (chapter one), general
principles and rules for conformance (chapter two). To comment on
these in any meaningful way would be to rewrite these chapters. This
is technical material, though not the same technology that computer
types are used to. Some background study in linguistics would be a
good idea, although it is not strictly necessary to understand and use
the Unicode standard. There are, however, a wealth of symbols,
punctuation marks and typesetting codes which Unicode gives
standardized access to. On the other hand, any application which used
the standard in a significant way would likely require a linguistics
background in any case.
The bulk of the books (two volumes) is, of course, taken up with the
actual code charts. (Volume two, in fact, is almost completely
concerned with Han ideographs. In spite of the recent widespread use
of the English alphabet, this is still the standard written language
of Chinese, Japanese and Korean: CJK in Unicode terminology.) The
charts are augmented with verbal definitions of the symbols, and with
cross references to similar forms.
The Unicode standard is recent. In comparative terms its current
usage is negligible. However, it is the defacto standard for broadly
based international character sets. With the recent rejection of the
proposed ISO thirty-two bit standard, and the recasting of that
standard to follow Unicode's lead, Unicode is a significant factor in
the development of any international applications.
copyright Robert M. Slade, 1993 BKUNICOD.RVW 980921
(Postscriptum - Unicode Inc. maintains an FTP site at unicode.org
(192.195.185.2). Some of the mapping tables, and the Han cross
reference lists are available. Some tables are also available on IBM
PC or Mac compatible floppy disks.)
http://www.unicode.org/
Permission granted to distribute only with unedited copies of TELECOM
Digest and associated newsgroups/mailing lists.
DECUS Canada Communications, Desktop, Education and Security group newsletters
Editor and/or reviewer [email protected], [email protected], Rob Slade at 1:153/733
DECUS Symposium '94, Vancouver, BC, Mar 1-3, 1994, contact: [email protected]
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
An older introductory book on this subject is
"Coded Character Sets: History and Development" by C. E. MacKenzie.
Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1980.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.std.internat,comp.protocols.tcp-ip
Path: utkcs2!emory!samsung!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!decwrl!mcnc!uvaarpa!murdoch
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 10 Apr 91 17:27:56 GMT
References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Sender: [email protected]
Organization: University of Virginia Lines: 60
From: [email protected] (Randall Atkinson)
Subject: Re: universality of Latin-1
John Gilmore originally wrote:
% And my windows all use ISO Latin 1. If Torbj|rn would send the
% umlauted letter in that standardized character set, it would look right
% in both the States and in Sweden.
In article <[email protected]>,
Erik M. van der Poel <[email protected]> responded:
>
> Have you ever tried to send yourself a message in Latin-1? Did it
> work? And even if *you* have a reasonable version of sendmail (one
> that doesn't strip the 8th bit), what makes you so certain that
> Torbj|rn's message and anyone else's won't pass through a site that
> *does* strip the 8th bit?
It does work for a fair and ever increasing subset of the Internet.
BITNET doesn't do very well with it. Clearly we need to move towards
8-bit and 16-bit and 32-bit transparent mail-transport mechanisms.
Fortunately there are a number of possible transport mechanisms out
there to choose from, some of which are already 8-bit transparent.
> Also, what's so "standardized" about ISO Latin-1? What makes it more
> standard than, say, Latin-2?
ISO 8859/1 is NOT any "more standard" than ISO 8859/2, however sites
in the US are in fact migrating towards ISO 8859/1 from US ASCII and
most sites in the US are NOT migrating towards ISO 8859/2 (though they
might support it on the side as vendors begin to). The languages that
are most commonly used in the US are in ISO 8859/1 and the languages
supported by ISO 8859/2 are less commonly used (again in the US as a
whole).
Note that ISO Latin-1 is ISO 8859/1 which is the 8-bit character set
used for Western European languages. ISO Latin-2 is ISO 8859/2 which
is the 8-bit character set for Eastern European languages.
Clearly we need to add additional information to the header of mail
messages to indicate which character set to use. I'm not sure of
the current state of the Internet protocols (RFC 822 et. al.) with
respect to this. If there isn't the equivalent of a "Character-set:"
header yet, serious consideration should be given to adding one with
clearly defined values for at least existing ANSI and ISO character
sets.
[ARCHIVER'S NOTE: the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
protocol defines character-set-selection headers for SMTP e-mail.
See the Internet standards RFC1521, RFC1523, and RFC1425.]
Character sets that should have a defined string to use with such a
header field include at least:
ASCII
ISO 8859/1
...
ISO 8859/N (where N is the last defined set)
ISO 10646 (once it gets completed)
The Internet is the dominant mail transport network at present, partly
because so many other networks gateway with it. Getting the Internet
to convert to supporting such needs would be a big step in the right
direction. Perhaps someone on the IETF can comment on their current
activities in this area ??
Ran Atkinson
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.std.internat,comp.protocols.tcp-ip
Path: utkcs2!emory!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!newstop!sun!amdcad!dgcad
!dg-rtp!chutney!eliot
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 12 Apr 91 12:47:41 GMT
References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Organization: Data General Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC
From: [email protected] (Topher Eliot)
Subject: Re: universality of Latin-1
In article <[email protected]>,
[email protected] (Randall Atkinson) writes:
|>
|> In article <[email protected]>,
|> Erik M. van der Poel <[email protected]> responded:
|> >Have you ever tried to send yourself a message in Latin-1? Did it
|> >work? And even if *you* have a reasonable version of sendmail (one
|> >that doesn't strip the 8th bit), what makes you so certain that
|> >Torbj|rn's message and anyone else's won't pass through a site that
|> >*does* strip the 8th bit?
|> It does work for a fair and ever increasing subset of the Internet.
|> BITNET doesn't do very well with it. Clearly we need to move towards
|> 8-bit and 16-bit and 32-bit transparent mail transport mechanisms.
I expected to see someone else post a more authoritative answer, but since
none has been forthcoming, I will venture. The folks who work on such things
have been considering the 8-bit, different-codeset issues, as part of a much
larger picture of including such things as graphics and other binary
information in mail. Since those are harder problems, it means that they
won't have solutions all that quickly. There is a mailing list on this
subject; if you really need it I can probaly dig out a lead on how to get
onto that mailing list.
|> Fortunately there are a number of possible transport mechanisms out
|> there to choose from, some of which are already 8-bit transparent.
Ack! "Fortunately"? There is an ancient curse: "may you live in interesting
times". I think it's modern equivalent is "may you have many standards to
choose from".
--
Topher Eliot Data General DG/UX Internationalization
(919) 248-6371 62 T. W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
[email protected] {backbone}!mcnc!rti!dg-rtp!eliot
Obviously, I speak for myself, not for DG.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.misc
Path: utkcs2!emory!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!spool.mu.edu!agate!sunkist.berkeley.edu
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 29 May 91 00:04:49 GMT
References: <[email protected]>
Reply-To: [email protected] (Raymond Chen)
In-Reply-To: [email protected] (John Woods)
From: [email protected] (Raymond Chen)
Subject: Re: Name that character! (definitive list)
Why does everyone feel compellet to post their favorite pronunciations?
In article <[email protected]>, eanv20@castle (John Woods) writes:
>I wonder if there is a definitive list...
Indeed there is. It used to be part of the comp.unix.questions
Frequently Asked Questions file, but it has since moved into the
`Jargon File'. Many thanks to Maarten Litmath for maintaining
the USENET ASCII Pronunciation Guide for many years. (Though the
list below does seem to be missing some of the cleverer names
in Maarten's list. Like `Donald Duck' for `&'.)
<ASCII> [American Standard Code for Information Interchange] /as'kee/
n. Common slang names for ASCII characters are collected here. See
individual entries for <bang>, <close>, <excl>, <open>, <ques>,
<semi>, <shriek>, <splat>, <twiddle>, <what>, <wow>, and <Yu-Shiang
whole fish>. This list derives from revision 2.2 of the USENET
ASCII pronunciation guide. Single characters are listed in ASCII
order, character pairs are sorted in by first member. For each
character, "official" names appear first, then others in order of
popularity (more or less).
!
exclamation point, exclamation, bang, factorial, excl,
ball-bat, pling, smash, shriek, cuss, wow, hey, wham
"
double quote, quote, dirk, literal mark, rabbit ears
#
number sign, sharp, crunch, mesh, hex, hash, flash, grid,
pig-pen, tictactoe, scratchmark, octothorpe, thud
$
dollar sign, currency symbol, buck, cash, string (from
BASIC), escape (from <TOPS-10>), ding, big-money, cache
%
percent sign, percent, mod, double-oh-seven
&
ampersand, amper, and, address (from C), andpersand
'
apostrophe, single quote, quote, prime, tick, irk, pop,
spark
()
open/close parenthesis, left/right parenthesis,
paren/thesis, lparen/rparen, parenthisey, unparenthisey,
open/close round bracket, ears, so/already, wax/wane
*
asterisk, star, splat, wildcard, gear, dingle, mult
+
plus sign, plus, add, cross, intersection
,
comma, tail
-
hyphen, dash, minus sign, worm
.
period, dot, decimal point, radix point, point, full stop,
spot
/
virgule, slash, stroke, slant, diagonal, solidus, over, slat
:
colon
;
semicolon, semi
<>
angle brackets, brokets, left/right angle, less/greater
than, read from/write to, from/into, from/toward, in/out,
comesfrom/ gozinta (all from UNIX), funnel, crunch/zap,
suck/blow
=
equal sign, equals, quadrathorp, gets, half-mesh
?
question mark, query, whatmark, what, wildchar, ques, huh,
hook
@
at sign, at, each, vortex, whorl, whirlpool, cyclone, snail,
ape, cat
V
vee, book
[]
square brackets, left/right bracket, bracket/unbracket,
bra/ket, square/unsquare, U turns
\
reversed virgule, backslash, bash, backslant, backwhack,
backslat, escape (from UNIX), slosh.
^
circumflex, caret, uparrow, hat, chevron, sharkfin, to ("to
the power of"), fang
_
underscore, underline, underbar, under, score, backarrow
`
grave accent, grave, backquote, left quote, open quote,
backprime, unapostrophe, backspark, birk, blugle, back tick,
push
{}
open/close brace, left/right brace, brace/unbrace, curly
bracket, curly/uncurly, leftit/rytit, embrace/bracelet
|
vertical bar, bar, or, or-bar, v-bar, pipe, gozinta, thru,
pipesinta (last four from UNIX)
~
tilde, squiggle, approx, wiggle, twiddle, swung dash, enyay
Some other common usages cause odd overlaps. The ``$'', ``#'', and ``&''
chars, for example, are all pronunced `hex' in different
communities because various assemblers use them as a prefix tag for
hexadecimal constants (in particular, $ in the 6502 world and & on
the Sinclair and some other Z80 machines).
................................................
ARCHIVER'S NOTE
The jest about Donald Duck comes from the name
used for this Disney character in Denmark:
"Anders And".
................................................
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.std.internat
Path: utkcs2!emory!att!bu.edu!wang!ice
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 14 Jun 91 22:02:07 GMT
References: <[email protected]>
Organization: Addictive Technologies and Various Magick
From: [email protected] (Fredrik Nyman)
Subject: Re: HELP requested on internationalization
[email protected] (Satyen Harve) writes:
>
>I have just been given the responsibility of coming up with a
>plan to internationalize our product. As a first step, I have
>to identify all the issues that are involved and determine
>their impact on our product. I would very much appreciate
>hearing from someone who has gone through or is going through
>this process.
>I'd particularly like to get any tips or information on what
>all is involved and where to go to read more about it. We are
>hoping to address both Europe and Asian markets.
I'd like to suggest that you get:
"Digital Guide to Developing International Software"
from Digital Press.
Order # EY-F577E-DP
ISBN # 1-55558-063-7
The book is geared towards the DEC platforms and the various
libraries available to VMS, Ultrix and DECwindows programmers.
Even if you couldn't care less about these platforms, the book is very
valuable. Among other things, it describes common character sets and
has quite extensive guidelines fort dealing with internationalization
which are valid no matter what platform you're using.
DEC can be reached at 1-800-DIGITAL if you want to order this manual.
Outside the US, in New Hampshire, Alaska and Puerto Rico: 1-603-884-6660
--
Fredrik Nyman [Surgically Enhanced Cyberdweeb] <[email protected]> DoD #0328
Global Adaptation Center, Wang, M/S 019-490, NeXT: <[email protected]>
One Industrial Ave., Lowell MA 01851, USA BITNET: <ice@drycas>
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.os.vms
Path: utkcs2!emory!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!newstop!west!texsun!smunews!txsil!danmc
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: 15 Jun 91 23:00:32 GMT
References: <[email protected]>
Distribution: comp.os.vms
Organization: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Dallas
From: [email protected] (Dan McDonald)
Subject: Re: vt3xx soft fonts??
In article <[email protected]>
"jonathan harley" <[email protected]> writes:
>
>Do you know of any available packages that provide VT3xx (or better)
>downloadable soft fonts to emulate the IBM PCs graphics character set?
As for ones that emulate the IBM PC'sm no, but I would probably only take a
couple of hours to make it - there are only 128 characters to set up.
>
>If so, where might I obtain the soft fonts, how much $ etc.
>
I wrote a program (in DCL - my favorite programming language) that would take
bitmaps in a form like:
A 65
1 X
2 X X
3 X X
4 X X
5 XXXXXXX
6 X X
7 X X
8
and would convert them to the down-line loadable format. I use it mainly
when I need to design another International Phonetic Alphabet softfont
for someone writing a thesis around here.
If you would like code and an example of how to use it, send me e-mail and I
will be happy to dig it up and send it to you.
******************************************************************************
Dan McDonald * UUCP ...utafll!txsil!dalsil!mcdonald
Summer Institute of Linguistics * Internet [email protected]
Dallas Computer Services * -OR- [email protected]
7500 W Camp Wisdom Rd * SILnet DAN.MCDONALD@A1@DALLAS
Dallas, TX 75236 * POTSnet (214)709-3389
USA * FAXnet (214)709-3387
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.fonts
Path: cs.utk.edu!ornl!fnnews.fnal.gov!mp.cs.niu.edu!news.ecn.bgu.edu!wupost
!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!ames!pacbell.com!pacbell
!boo!seer!ariel
Summary: Hungarian alphabet is Latin alphabet
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 22 Apr 1993 15:31:20 GMT
References: <[email protected]>
Organization: Brad Lanam, Walnut Creek, CA
From: [email protected] (Cathy Hampton)
Subject: Re: Hungarian Keyboard Layout
The Hungarian language, or Magyar, uses the Latin alphabet. If no one here
responds by tomorrow with the keyboard layout, I have it at home in one of
language books, I think. (I lived in Vienna for quite a while and learned
a little Hungarian.)
Catherine Hampton
================================================================
Compuserve: 71601,3130 GEnie: ARIEL GEnie: AMNESTY
Internet: [email protected] Internet/IGC: [email protected]
================================================================
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Article 8620 of comp.fonts:
Path: cs.utk.edu!ornl!fnnews.fnal.gov!lll-winken.llnl.gov!uwm.edu!wupost
!howland.reston.ans.net!ira.uka.de!Germany.EU.net!news.netmbx.de
!mailgzrz.TU-Berlin.DE!fub!spoolbag.in-berlin.de!rainbow.in-berlin.de
!rainbow.in-berlin.de!not-for-mail
From: [email protected] (Robert Joop)
Newsgroups: comp.fonts
Subject: Re: Latin 1 and Latin 3?
Date: 24 Apr 1993 04:07:43 +0200
Lines: 68
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: rainbow.in-berlin.de
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
[email protected] (Pierre Jelenc) writes:
>I am looking for the assignments of characters to bytes in the Latin 1
>and Latin 3 character sets. In particular, I am concerned with the
>discrepancies between the tables found in DOS and windows manuals and the
>actual Latin 1 character set, and with the differences between Latin 1 and
>Latin 3.
from rfc1345 (Character Mnemonics & Character Sets):
[...]
&charset ISO_8859-1:1987
&rem source: ECMA registry
&alias iso-ir-100
&g1esc x2d41 &g2esc x2e41 &g3esc x2f41
&alias ISO_8859-1
&alias ISO-8859-1
&alias latin1
&alias l1
&alias IBM819
&alias CP819
&code 0
NU SH SX EX ET EQ AK BL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
DL D1 D2 D3 D4 NK SY EB CN EM SB EC FS GS RS US
SP ! " Nb DO % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
At A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z <( // )> '> _
'! a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z (! !! !) '? DT
PA HO BH NH IN NL SA ES HS HJ VS PD PU RI S2 S3
DC P1 P2 TS CC MW SG EG SS GC SC CI ST OC PM AC
NS !I Ct Pd Cu Ye BB SE ': Co -a << NO -- Rg '-
DG +- 2S 3S '' My PI .M ', 1S -o >> 14 12 34 ?I
A! A' A> A? A: AA AE C, E! E' E> E: I! I' I> I:
D- N? O! O' O> O? O: *X O/ U! U' U> U: Y' TH ss
a! a' a> a? a: aa ae c, e! e' e> e: i! i' i> i:
d- n? o! o' o> o? o: -: o/ u! u' u> u: y' th y:
[...]
&charset ISO_8859-3:1988
&rem source: ECMA registry
&alias iso-ir-109
&g1esc x2d43 &g2esc x2e43 &g3esc x2f43
&alias ISO_8859-3
&alias ISO-8859-3
&alias latin3
&alias l3
&code 0
NU SH SX EX ET EQ AK BL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
DL D1 D2 D3 D4 NK SY EB CN EM SB EC FS GS RS US
SP ! " Nb DO % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
At A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z <( // )> '> _
'! a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z (! !! !) '? DT
PA HO BH NH IN NL SA ES HS HJ VS PD PU RI S2 S3
DC P1 P2 TS CC MW SG EG SS GC SC CI ST OC PM AC
NS H/ '( Pd Cu ?? H> SE ': I. S, G( J> -- ?? Z.
DG h/ 2S 3S '' My h> .M ', i. s, g( j> 12 ?? z.
A! A' A> ?? A: C. C> C, E! E' E> E: I! I' I> I:
?? N? O! O' O> G. O: *X G> U! U' U> U: U( S> ss
a! a' a> ?? a: c. c> c, e! e' e> e: i! i' i> i:
?? n? o! o' o> g. o: -: g> u! u' u> u: u( s> '.
[...]
the mnemonics are explained in the rfc. rfc's can be found on many ftp sites.
rj
--
__________________________________________________
Robert Joop
rj@{rainbow.in-berlin,fokus.gmd,cs.tu-berlin}.de
s=joop;ou=fokus;ou=berlin;p=gmd;a=dbp;c=de
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: bit.listserv.win3-l
Comments: Gated by [email protected]
Path: cs.utk.edu!darwin.sura.net!newsserver.jvnc.net!news.cac.psu.edu!psuvm
!auvm!LUCS-01.NOVELL.LEEDS.AC.UK!ECL6TAM
Return-Path: <@AUVM.AMERICAN.EDU,@VTBIT.BITNET:[email protected]>
Via: UK.AC.LEEDS.GPS; 2 JUL 93 8:56:26 BST
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 2 Jul 1993 08:54:23 GMT
Reply-To: [email protected]
Sender: Microsoft Windows Version 3 Forum <[email protected]>
From: Alec McAllister <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Foreign language keyboards (German)
Apologies if you already seen this. It was returned, implying that it
had never reached the list.
>Date: Thu, 1 Jul 1993 16:52:25 GMT
>From: Alec McAllister <[email protected]>
>Subject: Re: Foreign language keyboards (German)
>
>>Date: Thu, 1 Jul 1993 10:16:50 -0500
>>From: Brian Madsen <[email protected]>
>>Subject: Foreign language keyboards (German)
>>
>>I occasionally use Windows for writing in German, and when I do, I switch
>>the keyboard definition from US to German. This makes it lots easier to
>>get at German foreign language characters (double ss's, umlauts, etc.)
>>
>
>There's a better way. There's a piece of shareware called WinGreek.
>That includes a program called Beta which "watches" your keyboard and
>substitutes accented characters if you type certain combinations of
>keys, e.g. if you type u followed by the plus-key on the numeric
>keypad, Beta substitutes ANSI character 0252, u-umlaut. Similarly,
>typing A followed by the plus-key makes Beta substitute ANSI 0196, A-
>umlaut. The accents used in French, Spanish etc are just as quick and
>easy to obtain.
>
>WinGreek and Beta work with any Windows product, not just word
>processors.
>
>Beta plus a single font, the Times New Roman that comes with Windows,
>can produce text in every major European language except Welsh (there
>are no w-circumflex or y-circumflex characters).
>
>The beauty of this system is that you only have to learn one set of
>special keys for all the languages:
>/ = acute,
>* = grave,
>- = circumflex,
>+ = umlaut,
>tilde = tilde (Hurray!) and
>the vertical gapped line = everything else (e.g. s followed by that
>character gives you the German SZ that looks like a capital B, but A
>followed by that character gives you the A with a ring above it which
>is used in Scandinavian languages).
>
>WinGreek also gives you a superb Greek font with all the accents and
>breathing-marks, a Hebrew font with (limited) right-to-left
>processing, and even a font for Coptic.
>
>WinGreek is on archives such as CICA, but the authors are on email. I
>can send their address if anyone is interested.
>
>.
Alec McAllister
Arts Computing Development Officer
Computing Service
University of Leeds
LS2 9JT
tel 0532 335399
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Newsgroups: comp.terminals
Path: cs.utk.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!Germany.EU.net!news.dfn.de
!news.rwth-aachen.de!urmel.informatik.rwth-aachen.de!fangorn!michael
Date: Tue, 10 Jan 95 19:06:02 MET
Organization: An old and gray machine, somewhere in Moria.
Message-ID: <9501103491@fangorn>
References: <[email protected]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: akela.informatik.rwth-aachen.de
From: Michael Haardt <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: What is a lantern symbol...
[email protected] (kendall thomason shaw) writes:
> My question
> is what similar symbols might there be in McDOS code pages 850 or 437
> for the following symbols:
>
> lantern symbol
> checker board (stipple)
> board of squares
> scan line 1
> scan line 9
> plus
I don't know about DOS, but the characters look as following:
checker board:
# # # # #
# # # #
# # # # #
# # # #
# # # # #
scan line 1 is a horizontal line at the top of a character, scan line 9
is a horizontal line at the bottom of a character. A vt100 has various
such horizontal lines.
plus is indeed a big cross, like used in conjuction with the corner and
line symbols.
lantern and board of squares I can not tell you right now, my vt100 is
at home. It may be that it does not have them, at least the wyse 60 I
am using does not have those in its emulation. The mapping characters
are very closely connected to the vt100 and the AT&T4410.
> And then I am still (of course?) baffled by the acsc/ac capability
> syntax. Am I to put an octal escape for the literal character there?
> (after the corresponding character expected, e.g. \305 for center line
> drawing criss-cross type symbol?
Yes, indeed you can do it that way. I used it a few years ago with
Minix. ac=n\305 would map n to such a cross for native PC fonts.
Michael
--
Twiggs and root are a wonderful tree (tm) Twiggs & root 1992 :-)
d? H- s(+)/(-) g! au a- w v(---) C++(+++) UL++++S++++?++++ L++ 3 E-
N+++ tv b+ e+ h f+ m@ r++ n@ y+
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.unix.programmer,comp.terminals
Path: cs.utk.edu!gatech!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!sunic!news.funet.fi
!news.csc.fi!kronos.fmi.fi!dionysos.fmi.fi!hurtta
Followup-To: comp.terminals
Date: 16 Jan 1995 13:20:24 GMT
Organization: Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Lines: 36
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
References: <snakec.789625204@larry>
NNTP-Posting-Host: dionysos.fmi.fi
In-Reply-To: Article <snakec.789625204@larry> of Ryan Groth
From: [email protected] (Kari E. Hurtta)
Subject: Re: ASCII CODES > 127 under VT100/ANSI & CURSES
[ Folloups to comp.terminals ]
[email protected] (Ryan Groth) writes comp.unix.programmer:
|
|I am writing a few application under SCO unix (AT&T System V, POSIX...)
|using curses. I would like to use line drawing characters in the application
|which I am positive my terminal supports. I do not want to use the box()
|function however. If I addstr() with line drawing characters in the string I
|get M's and D's on the screen. Box does draw lines. Is there a way to use
|addstr() and send line characters? I am positive that my application will
These line drawing characters are from different character set:
Usual assingment (with curses and VT100) may be:
Bank G0 US-ASCII Assigned with ESC ( B
Bank G1 Special Graphics Assigned with ESC ) 0
Selecting bank G0 for characters 32-127 with SI
Selecting bank G1 for characters 32-127 with SO
ESC is 0x1B or Ctrl-[
SI is 0x0F or Ctrl-O
SO is 0x0E or Ctrl-N
As you can see drawing of line characters don't be so simple (VT100
DON'T use characters > 127 -- VT100 don't support them). You can't do
it with addstr() only, because task includes charcter set assigments also.
(If terminal supports 8-bit characters you perhaps can assing Special Graphics
to bank G1 and select bank G1 for characters 128-255 with ESC ~
I however don't be sure that this Special Graphics characters are duplicated
to upper range -- perhaps they are. )
--
- Kari E. Hurtta / Elämä on monimutkaista
[email protected] puh. (90) 1929 658
{hurtta,root,Postmaster}@dionysos.fmi.fi
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.lang.cobol, comp.terminals, comp.unix.aix, comp.periphs
Date: 5 Sep 1996 14:46:07 -0400
From: Richard Shuford <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: terminfo files for AIX 2.3
In article <[email protected]>,
Jim Egerton <[email protected]> writes:
>
> Anyone have terminfo files (xterm, vt100, aixterm) that work
> with the Microfocus toolbox on AIX?
>
> Using the files shipped with Microfocus V.3.2.37 I have tried
> using an aixterm as well an xterm with TERM set to xterm and
> vt100. With the aixterm or xterm and TERM=xterm, the video
> didn't work properly (line's were displayed as qqqqqq).
The display of a row of "qqqqqqq..." is a symptom of the client
application wanting to use the DEC Line-Drawing Character Set, which
is built into VT100s, VT320s, and any other DEC-like terminal built
since 1980. With the proper character set mapped into the "alternate"
character set, and if the terminal (or emulation) properly honors
codeset switching, a horizontal line is displayed, instead of
"qqqqqqqq...".
(By the way, this is *not* the same as DEC's "advanced video option",
or AVO. AVO on a VT100 gave you 24-line-by-132-column mode and the
full four video attributes: underline, reverse, bold, & blink. Later
DEC terminals had support for this as standard.)
> With an xterm and TERM=vt100, the video is great (appears to use
> the vt100 graphics character set to draw frames), but the
> function keys didn't work.
You don't say what kind of keyboard you are using. Makes a difference.
> After copying the terminfo files to a local directory,
> pointing COBTERMINFO and TERMINFO at the local directory, and
> running the .src files through tic, the situation improved
> slightly. The video for the aixterm and xterm with
> TERM=xterm is better, but frames are drawn using +---+
> instead of the vt100 graphics characters.
A reasonable thing to do, if the client cannot be certain that your
xterm emulation supports the line-drawing characters.
> I was able to modify the kf1 settings in vt100.src so that the function
> keys are recognized, but the frames are drawn the same as
> with the aixterm and xterm with TERM=xterm.
>
> I also pulled the example vt100 file from the Microfocus
> Cobol home page and tried using this with an xterm. Same
> results--no advanced video.
>
> If anyone has any terminfo files that appear to work in this
> environment, or online documentation for the settings of sgr,
> sgr0, enacs, rmacs, and acsc I'd really appreciate it.
The global master database for terminfo and termcap descriptions
is now maintained by Eric S. Raymond and is available from:
http://www.ccil.org/~esr/ncurses.html
........................................
Addendum: the master terminfo/termcap
files contain a "klone+acs" entry that
tries to use the line-drawing characters
from the IBM PC alternate character set.
This might work with any Intel console.
........................................
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.terminals
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!news.uni-stuttgart.de!uniol!uni-erlangen.de!lrz-muenchen.de
!news.rz.uni-passau.de!
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Organization: University of Passau, Germany
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 08:56:49 +0200
From: Martin Ramsch <[email protected]>
To: Mike Ching <[email protected]>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0b5 (X11; I; SunOS 5.5 sun4u)
References: <[email protected]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: 132.231.20.18
Lines: 35
Subject: Re: I want lines, not q's!
Mike Ching wrote:
>
> I'm trying to write a VT-100/ANSI terminal emulator in QuickBasic, but
> I'm getting a bunch of
>
> qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
>
> where there are supposed to be horizontal lines. How am I supposed to
> recognize when there are supposed to be lines instead of q's? I've
> noticed even some commercial programs with the same problem.
I don't know exactly about VT-100/ANSI, but xterm's behaviour should be
quite similiar (BTW, what are the differences?).
What you observe is the switching between charsets:
Control-N (SO, Shift Out): Switch to Alternate Charater Set:
invokes the G1 character set
Control-O (SI, Shift In): Switch to Standard Character Set:
invokes the G0 character set (the default)
To character sets G0 and G1 actually refer is controlled by
ESC ( <char> : Designate G0 Character Set
ESC ( B = Unites States (USASCII)
ESC ( 0 = DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set
ESC ) <char> : Designate G1 Character Set
ESC ) B = Unites States (USASCII)
ESC ) 0 = DEC Special Character and Line Drawing Set
I guess as default G0 should refer to USASCII and G1 to the Line Drawing
Set.
So, in a nutshell, you have to pay attention to these code sequences!
See <URL: http://www.uni-passau.de/~ramsch/WWW/ctlseqs.ps > and
<URL: http://www.uni-passau.de/~ramsch/WWW/xtermcharset.gif >
--
Sincerly/Mit freundlichen Gruessen
Martin Ramsch <[email protected]>
Inbox/Fax: 02561/91371-6364
<URL: http://www.uni-passau.de/~ramsch/ >
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Newsgroups: comp.os.linux.development,comp.terminals
Followup-To: comp.terminals
Path: cs.utk.edu!cssun.mathcs.emory.edu!emory!swrinde!pipex!sunic
!sunic.sunet.se!news.funet.fi!news.csc.fi!kronos.fmi.fi!dionysos.fmi.fi!hurtta
Date: 7 Apr 1995 07:21:53 GMT
Organization: Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
In-Reply-To: Article <[email protected]> of Colin Plumb
References: <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
From: [email protected] (Kari E. Hurtta)
Subject: 8-bit charset in C1-C3 banks
(Re: DO use ESC [ 11 m (was: Don't use ESC [ 11 m - was: Re: using the V ...)