Abrahams, P. W., 207 Abstract, 7, 51, 53, 55, 58, 106, 175 Abstracting, 5 Access, 16-19 multiple, 68 random, 8, 16, 17, 62, 68 Access time, 16, 18 Acoustical Society of America, viii Acquisition of information, 37, 38 of knowledge, 21-26, 28 Acquisition policy, 38 ADAM, 67 Advisory Committee, xi, xii Aims of procognitive systems, 21, 31-32 Airport problem, 190 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, vii ALGOL, 66, 123, 159 Algorithm, 55, 81, 91, 113, 114, 180182, 209 Alphanumeric character, 7, 13-15, 24, 97, 99, 100, 121-123, 132, 144, 166, 193-196
Alphanumeric information, 25, 114, 166 Analysis constituent, 140 dependency, 134 discontinuous-constituent, 138 hierarchical, 73 immediate-constituent, 134--136 of knowledge, 21, 44, 60 phrase-structure, 134 predictive, 136 relational, 82 semantic, 54, 56, 192, 203 syntactic, 54, 56, 68, 116, 129, 131133, 140, 141, 192, 203 transformational, 140 Analytical semantics, 61 Andreyev, N. D., 134 Apphcation of information, 37 of knowledge, 24, 26-28, 31, 35, 67, 112, 150 Application system, 27 APT, 67
209
INDEX
Arthur D. Little, Inc., vii Artificial intelligence, 59, 176, 190 Association, 39, 62, 65, 144, 156, 174, 180-182, 196, 198 Associative chaining, 179, 180, 182 Associative indexing, vii Associative memory, 64, 65 Atlas computer, 169 Baker, W. O., vi BALGOL, 66 Barnes, R. F., 78 Bartlett, J. M., 140 Baseball, 140, 153 Batching, 24 Behavioral science, 60 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., vi, vii Bemer, R. W., 146 Berkeley, E. C, 184 Berkner, L. V., vi Bibliographic citation, 53, 175, 177, 178 Bibliography, 51, 52, 56 Bit, 9, 14, 15, 17, 107, 118, 146, 147, 158, 194, 197 Black, F. S., xii, 85, 182-184, 187- 190 Bloom, B., xii Bobrow, D. G., xii, 131-133, 136, 139, 140, 177, 184 Body of knowledge, 1, 5, 6, 9, 15- 17, 19-21, 23-25, 29, 32, 33, 36-38, 43, 44, 61-63, 65-67, 76, 87, 90, 91, 100, 104, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 127, 139, 146, 153, 183, 188 Bolt, R. H., vi, xii Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., vi, viii, xi, xii, 1, 42 Book, 2, 4-7, 15, 22, 72, 96, 175, 181 Boolean algebra, 75, 76 Boolean function, 175, 176 Boolean operation, 86 Borko, H., 206 Bourne, C. P., 14 Bush, v., v, vii, xii, xiii Butterfield, L. H., xii Calling a subroutine, 161, 162, 167, 168, 170, 172, 173 Canonical form, 54, 82 Card catalogue, 69, 175, 176
Card index, 6, 175 Carnegie Institute of Technology, 42 Carnegie Institution of Washington, vii Catalogue, vi, 7, 143, 152 card, 69, 175, 176 Cataloguing, 38 Cathode-ray oscilloscope, 8, 9, 158, 166; see also Oscilloscope display screen Chain of relevance, 180 Chaining, associative, 179, 180, 182 Chapman, G. W., xii Chapter, 7, 164 Character, alphanumeric, 7, 13-15, 24, 97, 99, 100, 121-123, 132, 144, 166, 193-196 Character printer, 99 Chomsky, C, 52 Chomsky, N., 56, 82, 138, 139 Churchman, C. W., 102 Citation, bibliographic, 53, 175, 177, 178 Clapp, L. C, xii, 180, 181 Clapp, V. W., ix, xi Clark, W. E., 170 CLS, 66 Cluster, 16, 62, 169 Coated-wire memory, 63 COBOL, 66 Cocke, J., 136 Code combinational, 145, 146 compression, 147 concise, 193, 194, 196, 197 digital, 39, 46, 52, 65, 73, 96, 99, 106, 107, 144-147, 161-163, 178, 193-195 fixed-length, 144 hash, 194, 195, 197 internal, 195, 196, 198, 201 prime-number, 145 variable-length, 144 Cognition, vii Cognitive process, 22 Cognitive structure, 23, 81 COGO, 67 COLINGO, 67 Combinational code, 145, 146 Command, 9, 53, 114, 118, 122, 124, 163 Communication; see also Interaction man-computer, 98, 101, 170
210
INDEX
Communication mode, 121-124 Communication pool, 165-166 Compiler of programs, 50, 159, 160 Compiling of programs, 51 Compression code, 147 Computer Atlas, 169 PDP-1, 158, 193, 194 7090, 184 Computer-aided learning, 170 Computer-aided teaching, 127, 170 Computer-facilitated study, 127, 177 Computer instruction, 19, 29-31, 49, 65, 107, 115, 122, 160, 161, 165, 171-174 Computer memory, 9, 15-18, 25, 26, 38, 41, 43, 45, 53, 58, 62-64, 67, 79-81, 102, 104, 106, 121, 132, 144, 147, 158, 168, 171, 173, 184, 193, 194, 200, 203 Computer processor, 6, 9, 15, 19, 38, 42, 58, 65, 163, 171; see also Processing of information Computer program, 8, 29, 35, 39, 50, 57, 58, 66, 84, 85, 92, 94, 104, 107-112, 115, 121, 123, 125, 129, 132, 134, 136, 137, 140, 158, 160, 163, 165, 166, 168, 170-177, 180, 181, 185187, 192, 193, 195, 197, 199 Computer-program model, 111 Computer programmer, 104, 105, 107-110, 119, 121, 162-166 Computer programming, 48-51, 58, 65, 104, 125, 158, 160, 166, 176, 182, 191, 197 heuristic, 190 Computer science, 60 Computer system multiple-access, 68 multiple-console, 42 Concise code, 193, 194, 196, 197 Concordance, 181 Console, 33, 41, 46-48, 52, 69, 92- 94, 96, 100-103, 105, 113, 120, 127 Constituent analysis, 140 Content-addressable memory, 8, 64, 65 Content word, 132 Control of computers, 41, 47-49, 51, 57, 66, 67, 92, 97, 98, 101, 103, 113, 120, 122, 124
Control language, 114, 122 Control mode, 121-124 Control station, 33 Conversation between man and computer, 36, 124, 125 Coordinate index, 74, 75, 143, 181 Core memory; see Memory, mag- netic-core Corpus, 9, 14-16, 20, 24, 25, 28, 38, 41, 44, 61-63, 67, 68, 87, 125, 153, 154, 179-181, 183188, 191 Correlation, 55, 77, 78, 112, 117, 118 Council on Library Resources, Inc., vi, vii, ix, xi, 1, 2, 100 Criterion of pertinence, 148, 149 for procognitive systems, 21, 3239 for the program of study, 2 Cryogenic memory, 16, 63 Data base, 26, 31, 53, 66, 88, 89, 114 Data structure, 112, 119 DDT, 121, 122 Debugging system, 121 DECAL, 66, 159, 160, 162, 174, 175 Decision theory, 150 Decoding, 143, 146, 147, 200 Defense, Department of, viii Defense Documentation Center, 74 Delay-line memor>', 16 Delimiter, 181 Dependency analysis, 134 Dependency grammar, 132 Descriptor, 7, 45, 48, 50, 54, 55, 64, 69, 70, 74, 142 Descriptor structure, 54, 55 Desk, 6, 9, 33 Dewey Decimal Classification Sys- tem, 61 Dictionary, 68, 132 Digital code, 39, 46, 52, 65, 73, 96, 99, 106, 107, 144-147, 161163, 178, 193-195 Digital Equipment Corporation, 158 Digital memory, 17, 18, 142-144 Direct file; see File Discontinuous-constituent analysis, 138 Discontinuous-constituent grammar, 137
211
1
INDEX
Display, 4, 5, 7, 8, 29, 33, 38, 41, 47, 50, 56, 58, 66, 92, 9497, 100-103, 105-108, 115, 118, 120, 121, 158, 159, 166, 168, 170, 172, 173, 176, 183 Display screen; see Oscilloscope display screen Dissemination of information, 1 Distributed system, 37 Document, 2, 6, 13, 14, 24, 29, 30, 36, 38, 53, 55, 61, 70, 72, 77, 107, 111-114, 142-144, 148, 152, 153, 157, 175, 177, 179181 Document retrieval, 45, 46, 76, 78, 106, 129, 153, 177; see also Retrieval Document room, 188 Documentation center, 7, 42, 74, 175 Drum memory; see Memory, mag- netic-drum Dynamic model, 112 Dynamic storage, 169
hierarchical, 117 inverse, 174 Film memory magnetic, 16, 17, 63 photographic, 18, 63 Film projector, 47, 96 Fixed-length code, 144 Flow of information, 26, 28 Ford Foundation, vi Formal language, 39, 71, 104, 112, 183, 188 Formalism, 71, 85, 112, 153 Formalization, 61, 68, 112, 125, 154, 187, 189 Format, 3, 30, 49, 52, 57, 92, 109, 113, 115, 119, 124, 126, 165167, 174, 185, 199 FORTRAN, 66, 67 FRAP, 160 Function word, 132, 175, 180 Fund of knowledge, 21, 22, 24, 2628, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43- 45, 58, 60, 61, 65, 192
Editing, 32, 97, 113 post-, 137 program, 106, 107 Edwards, D. J., 207 Elkind, J. I., xii Encoding, 143, 144, 146, 147, 200 English language; see Language, English Entropy; see Informational meas- ure; Redundancy Erasable display, 94 Erase mode, 47 Exec, 160-162, 164, 166-170, 174 Executive program, 158-160 FACT, 66 Fact, computer handling of, 36, 39, 70, 72, 77, 124, 183, 188, 200 Fact retrieval, 129 Feigenbaum, E., 207 Feldman, J., 207 Field of knowledge, 9, 15, 18, 19, 31, 41, 43, 44, 50, 53, 55, 57, 67, 150 Field-oriented language, 31, 36, 66, 67, 119, 120 File, 75, 110, 129, 142, 143, 145, 164, 165, 174, 175, 180, 181 direct, 174
Geometric space, 71
Giuliano, V. E., 56, 78 GPSS, 67
Graduate Center of the Southwest,
vi
Graph, 7, 24, 29, 171, 172, 177, 178 Graph-control language, 106, 111-
113, 115, 122 Graph theory, 180, 181 Grammar, 71, 82, 131, 132, 134 dependency, 132
discontinuous-constituent, 137 phrase-structure, 132
predictive, 132
string-transformational, 132, 140
transformational, 117, 132
Grammatical category, 82, 117, 132,
134, 137, 139, 140
Grammatical class, 134
Grammatical structure, 132
Green, B. F., 52, 140, 153 Grignetti, M., xii, 142, 174-176
144-147,
Gross, M., 134
Group-computer interaction, 100, 102; see also Communication Growth of body of recorded knowl-
edge, 15, 20, 37, 127
212
1
INDEX
Hardware, 58-60, 63, 65, 66, 111, 118, 159 Harris, Z. S., 140 Hart, T. P., 207 Harvard University, viii, 136 Hash code, 194, 195, 197 Haskins, C. P., vii, xii Hays, D. G., 134 Heilprin, L. B., xi Heuristic, 39, 68, 91 Heuristic programming, 190 Hierarchical analysis, 73 Hierarchical file, 117 Hierarchical index, 73 Hierarchical structure, 9, 40, 80, 133 Hierarchy, 7, 29, 42, 72, 74-76, 80, 81, 165, 169 memory, 63, 79, 80, 81, 169 High-level (high-order) language, 86-88, 106, 111, 112, 122 Howerton, P., 206 Idea; see Fact, computer handling of Immediate-constituent analysis, 134136 Immediate-constituent grammar, 137 Index, 7, 142, 143, 152 card, 6, 175 coordinate, 74, 75, 143, 181 hierarchical, 73 permuted-title, 175 Indexing, 5, 38 associative, vii Inference, 24 Information; see also Processing of information, Representation of information acquisition of, 37, 38 alphanumeric, 25, 114, 166 application of, 37 dissemination of, 1 flow of, 26, 28 meta-, 36, 112 organization of, v, 1, 4, 11, 25, 32, 38, 46, 53, 61, 68, 70, 71, 153 recorded, 61 retrieval of, vi, 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 60, 64, 69-71, 73, 76, 77, 94, 106, 125, 129, 148-152, 179-181 science of, 31, 113 storage of, vi, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 29,
35, 42, 60, 70, 71, 73, 76, 125, 143, 144, 146, 162, 173, 183, 196 transformable, 2, 6 Information base, 85 Information-processing utility, 33 Information structure, 44, 65, 111, 113-119, 125, 169 Informational measure, 11, 13, 142, 146, 147; see also Entropy; Redundancy Input language, 89, 160 Instruction, computer, 19, 29-31, 49, 65, 107, 115, 122, 160, 165, 171-174 Insight, 32, 58, 109 Intelligence, 29, 58, 187, 191 artificial, 59, 176, 190 Interaction group-computer, 100, 102 man-computer, 11, 50, 51, 66, 90- 92, 98, 100, 102, 104, 121, 123, 126, 159, 167 man-machine, 123, 159, 160 on-line, 51, 124, 125 symbiotic, 123 Interaction language, 104, 123-125 Interface, 37, 41; see also Inter- medium man-machine, 91, 92 Intermedium man-computer, 92 physical, 92, 93, 102-105, 116 Internal code, 195, 196, 198, 201 International Business Machines Corporation, vii, 18, 85, 136, 184 Interpreter program, 159, 165, 166 Interpreting computer programs, 160 Introspection, 167, 168, 170-172 Inverse file, 74 IPL, 66, 162 Itek Corporation, vii Jones, P. E., 78 Journal, 4, 7, 36, 72, 89 JOVIAL, 66 Kain, R. Y., xii, 177 Keeney, B. C, xii Kelly, H., 134 Kernel form, 29 Key word, 175
213
INDEX
Keyboard, 46, 48, 97-100, 103 King, G. W., vii, xii Klein, S., 52, 134, 136 KLS, 66 Knowledge; see also Body of knowl- edge; Representation of knowledge analysis of, 21, 44, 60 application of, 24, 26-28, 31, 35, 67, 112, 150 field of, 9, 15, 18, 19, 31, 41, 43, 44, 50, 53, 55, 57, 67, 150 fund of, 21, 22, 24, 26-28, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43-45, 58, 60, 61, 65, 192 organization of, 5, 6, 15-17, 2022, 24-26, 28, 36, 38, 43, 44, 62, 63, 65, 68, 76, 82, 87, 111, 117, 139 recorded, 1, 2, 6, 11, 60 store of, 11,28, 37,40, 68 use of, 2, 6, 21, 26, 32, 37, 60, 90 Kuipers, J. W., 78 Kuno, S., 56, 57, 136, 137 Laboratory, 22. 93 Land, E. H., vii Language control, 114, 122 English, 48, 50-52, 67, 87-89, 131, 135, 142, 146, 153, 190 field-oriented, 31, 36, 66, 67, 119, 120 formal, 39, 71, 104, 112, 183, 188 graph-control, 106, 111-113, 115, 122 high-level (high-order), 86-88, 106, 111, 112, 122 input, 89, 160 interaction, 104, 123-125 low-level (low-order), 86 machine-independent, 39 natural, 46, 48-51, 67, 68, 78, 85, 87, 89, 99, 104, 111-113, 120, 125, 131, 132, 192, 203 on-line, 122, 124, 125, 160 organizing. 111, 112, 118, 119, 122 problem-oriented, 9, 119, 120 procedure-oriented, 9, 29, 30, 31, 36, 66, 67 programming, 30, 104, 105, 110, 111, 119, 122, 124, 159, 160 publication, 37
query, 117 representation, 111-113, 117, 118, 122, 125 specialized, 66, 105, 116 user-oriented, 66, 119, 127, 159, 160 Language system, 125 Laughery, K., 52 Learning, computer-aided, 170 Levin, M. I., 207 Leviticus, v Librarian, 37, 127 Library, v, vi, vii, viii, 1, 2, 4-7, 13, 14, 22-24, 33, 42, 69, 102, 129, 131, 138, 142, 143, 152, 153, 157, 174, 175, 188 Library of Congress, 14 Library science, 3, 60 Licklider, J. C. R., viii, xiii, 14, 170, 177 Light pen, 8, 9, 37, 101, 103, 120, 158, 178 Limit, physical, 17, 20 Lincoln Laboratory, 140 Lindsay, R. K., 137, 140 Line printer, 103 Linguistics, 60, 71, 82, 86, 92, 104, 120 LISP, 66, 162, 184, 185,207 List, 29, 30, 55, 112, 117, 143, 145, 175, 196 pushdown, 162, 163 List processor, 65 List structure, 9, 65, 117 Little, Arthur D., Inc., vii Logic, 78, 113, 183, 184 mathematical, 60 symbolic, 154, 182 Logical category, 54 Logical connective, 72, 74 Logical deduction, 191 Logical operator, 155 Logical relation, 55 Low-level (low-order) language, 86 LUCID, 67 McCarthy, J., xii, 85, 184, 188, 190, 191 Machine-independent language, 39 Machine translation, 50, 52, 56, 68 MACRO, 159 MAD, 66 MADTRAN, 66 Magnetic-core memory, 16, 17
214
INDEX
Magnetic-disk memory, 16, 18, 63 Magnetic-drum memory, 16 Magnetic-film memory, 63 Magnetic-tape memory, 16, 18, 158 Man-computer communication, 98, 101, 170 Man-computer interaction, 11, 50, 51, 66, 90-92, 98, 100, 102, 104, 121, 123, 126, 159, 167 Man-computer intermedium, 92 Man-machine communication; see Communication; Interaction Man-machine interface, 91, 92 Marill, T. M., xii, 84, 152-156, 179, 182 Marking unit, typewriter, 46 Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy, vii, viii, xii, 42, 95, 106, 134 Match, 32. 55, 64, 109, 110, 120, 185, 189 Matching structure, 55 Mathematical logic, 60 Mathematical model. 111 Matrix, 112, 114, 115, 117, 201, 202 Meaning, 54, 154 Mechanical translation, 50, 52, 56, 68 Memex, vii, xii Memory; see also Computer mem- ory associative, 64, 65 coated-wire, 63 content-addressable, 64, 65 cryogenic, 16, 63 delay-line, 16 digital, 17, 18, 142-144 magnetic-core, 16, 17 magnetic-disk, 16, 18, 63 magnetic-drum, 16 magnetic-film, 16, 17, 63 magnetic-tape, 16, 18, 158 photographic-film, 18, 63 photographic-plate, 63 processible, 16, 25, 62, 146 random-access, 8, 16-19, 62, 63 relational, 65 serial-access, 17-19 thermoplastic, 64 thin-film, 16, 17, 63 Memory Course, 171-173 Memory hierarchy, 63, 79, 80, 81, 169
Memory organization, 25, 63, 65 Metainformation, 36, 112 Metric space analogy, 77 Microphone, 47, 49 MILITRAN, 66 Minsky, M., xii, 106 Mitre Corporation, 140 Mode, 36, 48, 49, 51, 52, 100, 107, 120, 121, 123, 202 communication, 121-124 control, 121-124 erase, 47 Model, 42, 44, 71,78, 117, 199 computer-program, 111 dynamic, 112 mathematical. 111 Module, 17 Moloshnava, T. N., 134 Monitoring, 6, 26, 28, 59, 105, 123 Morris, J. C, xii Morse, P. M., vii, xii Multiple-access computer system, 68 Multiple-console computer system, 42 National Bureau of Standards, 136 National Science Foundation, vii Natural language; see Language, natural; Language, English NELIAC, 66 Neuronal element, 24 Oettinger, A. G., 56, 57, 136, 137 On line, 35, 53, 66, 98, 121, 123, 125, 158, 159, 170 On-line interaction, 51, 124, 125, 160 On-line language, 122, 124, 125 On-line programming of computers, 159 Ontogeny, 187, 192, 197, 201, 202 Operation, computer, 19, 30, 32, 64, 88, 98, 104, 111, 113-116, 118, 119, 161, 164, 188, 197, 200 Operator, syntactic, 80 Organization of information, v, 1, 4, 11, 25, 32, 38, 46, 53, 61, 68, 70, 71 153 of knowledge, 5, 6, 15-17, 20-21, 24-26, 28, 36, 38, 43, 44, 62, 63, 65, 68, 76, 82, 87, 111, 117, 139 memory, 25, 63, 65
215
INDEX
Organizing language, 111, 112, 118, 119, 122 Oscilloscope, cathode-ray, 8, 9, 158, 166 Oscilloscope display screen, 31, 36, 46-49, 57, 92, 93, 95, 96, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 115, 120, 159, 166, 173, 176-178, 200, 201 Osgood, C. E., 77 Overcentralization, 37 Overhage, C, xii
Page, 4-7, 15, 29, 37, 47, 93, 177 Paragraph, 7, 29, 30, 70, 87, 164, 179, 180, 181, 197 Park, D., xii
Parsing, 56, 140 Passage retrieval, 76 PDP-1 computer, 158, 193, 194 Peek-A-Boo Card, 74, 75 Pen, light, 8, 47, 49, 93 Pennsylvania, University of, 140 Perceptron, 42, 176
Permuted-title index, 175 Pharmaceutical research, 24 Photographic-film memory; Memory
see
Photographic-plate memory; see Memory
Phrase, 50, 54, 133, 135, 136, 193-
197, 203
Phrase structure, 138
Phrase-structure analysis, 134
Phrase-structure grammar, 132
Physical intermedium, 92, 93, 102-
105, 116
Physical hmit, 17, 20
Pierce, J. R., vii, xii
Piore, E. R., vii, 18
Plan for procognitive system, 7, 11, 20, 39, 40 Pneumatic-tube station, 52 Polaroid Company, vii
Postediting, 137
Predicate calculus, 53, 54, 71, 84,
85, 89, 153, 156
Predictive analysis, 136 Predictive grammar, 132
Prescription, retrieval, 28, 29, 54, 55,
71-74, 168, 175-178, 181 Prime-number code, 145
Princeton paradigm of computer organization, 42 Printer character, 99 line, 103 Problem-oriented language, 9, 119 Procedure, computer, 8, 29, 39, 45, 56, 58, 92, 123, 157, 184, 195, 197, 199, 201, 202 Procedure-oriented language, 9, 29- 31, 36, 66, 67 Processible memory, 16, 25, 62, 146 Processing of information, viii, 19, 20, 28, 29, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48-50, 64, 66, 67, 86, 88, 116, 117, 124, 125, 129, 131, 147, 156, 161, 167, 183, 184, 185, 187, 192, 194, 195, 201 Processor, 6, 9, 15, 19, 38, 42, 58, 65, 163, 171 list, 65 Procognitive function, 129 Procognitive system, 6-8, 11, 13, 21, 26-29, 31-36, 40-42, 45, 46, 48, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 67-70, 79, 86, 90, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 111, 112, 114, 115, 119, 120, 123, 125-127, 131, 138, 143, 146, 153, 157, 158160, 169, 192 aim of, 11, 21, 31 criterion for, 11, 21, 32-39 defined, 6-8 plan for, 7, 11,20, 39, 40 requirement for, 11, 21 Program; see also Computer pro- gram compiling of, 51 editing, 106, 107 executive, 158-160 system, 105, 110 Program compiler, 50, 159, 160 Program Graph, 171, 172 Program structure, 173 Programmer computer, 104, 105, 107-110, 119, 121, 162-166 system 105, 116, 118, 123 Programming of computers, 48-51, 58, 65, 104, 125, 158, 160, 166, 176, 182, 191, 197 heuristic, 190 on-hne, 159
216
INDEX
Programming language, 30, 104, 105, 110, 111, 119, 122, 124, 159, 160 Programming system, 105-107, 109111, 162 Projector, film, 47, 96 Publication lag, 37 Publication language, 37 Pushdown list, 162, 163 QAS-5, 188-190 Quantificational schema, 153-155 Query, 50, 53 Query language, 117 Question-answering system, 46, 52, 53, 55, 70, 85,'l07, 111, 129, 152, 182-184, 188, 190, 191 RAND Corporation, 42, 96, 134, 136 RAND Tablet, 95, 96 Random-access memorv, 8, 16-19, 62, 63 Raphael, B., xii, 84, 177 Recorded information, 61 Recorded knowledge, 1, 2, 6, 11, 60 Recovery of documents, 38 Recursion, 9, 26, 84, 127, 162, 169 Redundancy, 13, 14, 142 Relation logical, 55 semantic, 49, 51, 54, 61, 68, 125 syntactic, 133 Relational analysis, 82 Relational memory, 65 Relational network, 65, 82-84, 89, 117, 154, 182 Relevance, 55, 56, 63, 71, 182, 183, 188 Relevance network, 60-63 Relevance space, 62, 63 Representation of information, 76, 85, 117, 118, 125, 134, 142. 144, 153, 155, 156, 193-195 Representation of knowledge, 27, 28, 44, 65, 68, 76, 78, 82, 86, 104, 118, 126 Representation language, 111-113, 117, 118, 122, 125 Retention policy, 38 Retrieval of documents, 45. 46, 76, 78, 106, 129, 153, 177
of facts, 129 of information, vi, 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 60, 64, 69-71, 73, 76, 77, 94, 106, 125, 129, 148-152, 179181 of passages. 76 Retrieval prescription, 28, 29, 54, 55, 71-74, 168, 175-178, 181 Returning control to calling routine, 161, 162, 167, 168, 172, 173 Rhodes, I., 56, 136 Robinson, J. J., 136 Role indicator, 75, 76 Routine, computer, 57, 106, 114, 115, 162, 164, 178 Ruggles, M. J., xi Ruly English, 88 SAGE System, 17 Schema, 3. 4, 6-9, 11, 24, 25, 27, 35, 42, 43, 59, 64. 65, 71, 78, 84, 93, 97-100, 143, 148, 152, 154, 180, 182 quantificational. 153-155 Screen, oscilloscope display. 31, 36, 46-49, 57. 92, 93, 95, 96. 101. 103, 106. 107, 109. 115, 120, 159. 166, 173, 176, 177, 178, 200, 201 Search, 26, 29, 32, 169, 176, 178, 179, 195, 199, 200 Section, 164 Self-organization. 91, 126. 127 Semantic analysis. 54. 56, 192, 203 Semantic differential, 77 Semantic factor, 141 Semantic link, 60 Semantic net, 50, 51. 117. 152, 154- 156. 182 Semantic property. 198 Semantic relation. 49, 51, 61, 68, 125 Semantics. 51, 68, 86, 137, 192 analytical. 61 Senders, J. W.. xii. 14. 15 Sentence. 2, 7, 24, 29, 30, 54, 56, 57, 60, 70-72. 79, 81. 82. 113, 132-138, 140, 154-156. 163, 164, 179, 180, 182. 186, 194, 195-197 Serial-access memory, 17-19 Set. 71. 72. 74. 76, 86, 154. 179 Shannon, C. E., 146, 147 Simmons, R. P., 52, 134
217
INDEX
SIMPAC, 66 SIMSCRIPT, 66 SIMULA, 67 Simulation, 10, 31, 65, 66, 175, 176 Sketchpad, 67, 94 SLIP, 66, 67 Sloan, Alfred P., Foundation, vii SMALGOL, 66 Social science, 60 Software, 58-60, 66, 69 SOL, 67 Space geometric, 71 work, 93, 102 Space analogy metric, 77,78, 117 topological, 77 Specialized language, 66, 105, 116 Specific-Question-Answering System, 184, 188, 189 Spoken output, 47 Stack, 162 Stanford University, 85 Stevenson, E. P., vii Storage of information, vi, 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 29, 35, 42, 60, 70, 71, 73, 76, 125, 143, 144, 146, 162, 173, 183, 196 dynamic, 169 temporary, 162 Store, 5, 15, 30, 45, 46, 53, 101, 111, 142; see also Knowledge, store of STRESS, 67 String, 24, 48, 115, 122-124, 132, 134, 140, 142, 146, 155, 164166, 175, 181, 184, 193-196, 198, 202 String-transformational grammar, 132, 140 Study, computer-facilitated, 127, 177 Subfield of knowledge, 15, 18, 19, 28, 41, 43, 44, 46, 50, 111, 119 Subprogram, computer, 121, 161, 174, 175 Subroutine, computer, 8, 39, 160165, 167-170, 173, 199-202 Subset, 71-74, 76, 126, 148, 178, 179 Suci, G. J., 77 Swanson, R., 77 Swets, J. A., xii, 149, 150 Symbiont, xii, 177, 179
Symbiotic interaction, 123 Symbolic logic, 154, 182 Synonym, 30, 54 Syntactic analysis, 54, 56, 68, 116, 129, 131-133, 140, 141, 192, 203 Syntactic category, 54, 71, 125, 134, 140, 141 Syntactic class, 119 Syntactic factor, 141 Syntactic form, 30 Syntactic pattern, 136, 137, 140 Syntactic property, 198 Syntactic relation, 133 Syntactic structure, 60, 75, 82, 123, 131, 139 Syntax, 51, 56, 58, 86, 105, 124, 192 System Development Corporation, 42, 134, 136 System program, 105, 110 System programmer, 105, 116, 118, 123 System science, 60 System specialist, 38, 111-119 Table, 29, 57, 112, 114, 163-165, 168, 169, 195 Tannenbaum, P., 77 Tape, magnetic; see Memory, mag- netic-tape Teaching, computer-aided, 127, 170 Teaching machine, 36 Teager, H. M., 95 Teager Table, 95 Telecommunication, 33, 41, 44 Telecomputation, 33 Telephone, 22, 101, 110 Teletypewriter, 98 Television, 101 Texas, University of, 137 Text 7, 9, 19, 29, 53-55, 61, 67, 68, 88, 113-115, 122, 129, 131, 132, 137, 142, 146, 147, 158, 164, 166, 175, 177-179, 181, 195 computer analysis of, 56 Thermoplastic memory, 64 Thesaurus, 7, 29, 30, 50, 54, 55, 64, 70,73 Thin-film memory; see Memory Thompson, F. B., 141 Time sharing, 9, 42 Title, 175
218
INDEX
Topological space analogy, 77 Transform, 29, 30, 32, 47, 185, 189 Transformable information, 2, 6 Transformation, 27, 82, 89, 138, 139, 195 Transformational analysis, 140 Transformational grammar, 82, 117, 132, 134, 137, 139, 140 Translation, 13, 25, 68, 85, 89, 111- 113, 124, 126, 160, 169 machine, 50, 56, 68 mechanical, 52 Tree, 40, 57, 117, 134 Tree diagram, 57, 140 "Trie" structure, 117 Typewriter, 46-50, 92, 97-100, 103, 158, 165, 166, 168, 175, 177, 178, 193, 196, 197, 201 Uniterm, 7 Use of knowledge, 2, 6, 21, 26, 32, 37, 60, 90 User-oriented language, 66, 119, 127, 159, 160 User station, 9, 33, 40-42, 44, 45, 99, 160
Utility, information-processing, 33 Variable-length code, 144 Volume, 7 Walker, D. E., 140 Weaver, W., vii Weizenbaum, J., 67 Wiener, N., 146 Williams, T. M., 78 Wolf, A. K., 52 Word, 2, 7, 29, 30, 47, 51, 52, 54, 68, 81, 113, 132, 134, 135, 146, 147, 163-165, 175, 181, 184, 193-197, 201, 202 computer, 163 content, 132 function, 132 key, 175 Work space, 93, 102 Yngve, V. H., 56 Zipf, G. K., 146