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OA-LICalib: Observability-Aware Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration of LiDAR-IMU Systems

OA-LICalib is a versatile and highly repeatable calibration method for the LiDAR-inertial system within a continuous-time batch-optimization framework, where the intrinsics of both sensors and the spatial-temporal extrinsics between sensors are calibrated comprehensively without explicit hand-crafted targets. To improve efficiency and cope with challenges from degenerate motions, we introduce two dedicated modules to enable observability-aware calibration. Firstly, a data selection policy based on the information-theoretic metric selects informative segments for calibration in unconscious data collection process. Secondly, an observability-aware state update mechanism in the back-end optimization is introduced to update only the identifiable directions of the calibrated parameters by leveraging truncated singular value decomposition. In this way, the proposed method can get accurate calibration results even under degenerate cases where informative enough data segments do not exist. Extensive evaluations by both simulated and real-world experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate the high accuracy and repeatability of the proposed method in common human-made scenarios and various robot platforms.

Prerequisites

  • To use this tool, install Docker in your computer with this link. Make sure you follow the post-installation steps.

Install & Run

# clone the project repo.
git clone https://github.com/leo-drive/OA-LICalib

# Build docker image
cd OA-LICalib/docker
docker image build -t calib:v1 .

# Create container from docker image
# define env. var. with your local repo. path
export REPO_PATH="/home/bzeren/projects/OA-LICalib/"
docker run -it --env="DISPLAY" --volume="$HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority:rw" --volume="/tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw" --volume="$REPO_PATH:/root/calib_ws/src/OA-LICalib" calib:v1 bash

cd catkin_oa_calib/
catkin_make -DCATKIN_WHITELIST_PACKAGES=""

# install your environment and launch calibration tool
source ./devel/setup.bash
roslaunch oa_licalib li_calib.launch

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration

The intrinsics of an individual laser comprising a multi-beam 3D LiDAR.

A example to calibrate extrinsics between LiDAR and IMU while simultaneously calibrating intrinsics of both LiDAR and IMU in simulation. You can find simulated data at [./data/bag/simu_bag.bag]. The ground truth of intrinsics are at [./data/bag] and of extrinsics are as follows:

P_LinI [0.30, 0.15, 0.05] meter
euler_LtoI [1.0, 2.0, 5.0] degree

Check the parameter path_bag in the config/simu.yaml, change it to your absolute path. Then run it!

roslaunch oa_licalib li_calib.launch

Data Collection

OA-LICalib works with rosbag files which contains sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 and sensor_msgs/Imu topics. Also you can collect nav_msgs/NavSatFix or nav_msgs/Odometry to visualize your calibration results on Rviz.

The calibration accuracy is affected by the data collection environment. You should collect your data in a place that contains a lot of flat surfaces, and indoor spaces are the best locations under these conditions. However, you can also achieve good results outdoors. When collecting data, make sure to draw figures of eights and grids, capturing data from every angle

Parameter Tuning

To achieve the best calibration results, you should tune the parameters in the config/simu.yaml file. The parameters are as follows:

Parameter Value
ndtResolution Resolution of NDT grid structure (VoxelGridCovariance)
0,5 for indoor case and 1.0 for outdoor case
ndt_key_frame_downsample Resolutation parameter for voxel grid downsample function
map_downsample_size Resolutation parameter for voxel grid downsample function
knot_distance time interval
plane_motion set true if you collect data from vehicle
gyro_weight gyrometer sensor output’s weight for trajectory estimation
accel_weight accelerometer sensor output’s weight for trajectory estimation
lidar_weight lidar sensor output’s weight for trajectory estimation

Credits

This code was developed by the APRIL Lab in Zhejiang University. For researchers that leveraged this work, please cite the following:

@Conference{lv2020targetless,
  title={Targetless calibration of lidar-imu system based on continuous-time batch estimation},
  author={Lv, Jiajun and Xu, Jinhong and Hu, Kewei and Liu, Yong and Zuo, Xingxing},
  booktitle={2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)},
  pages={9968--9975},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}
@Journal{lv2022,
  title={{OA-LICalib}: Observability-Aware Intrinsic and Extrinsic Calibration of LiDAR-IMU Systems},
  author={Jiajun Lv, Xingxing Zuo, Kewei Hu,  Jinhong Xu, Guoquan Huang, and Yong Liu},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Robotics},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

License

The code is provided under the GNU General Public License v3 (GPL-3).