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drule.ml
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(* ========================================================================= *)
(* More sophisticated derived rules including definitions and rewriting. *)
(* *)
(* John Harrison, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory *)
(* *)
(* (c) Copyright, University of Cambridge 1998 *)
(* (c) Copyright, John Harrison 1998-2007 *)
(* (c) Copyright, Michael Faerber 2018 *)
(* ========================================================================= *)
needs "bool.ml";;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Type of instantiations, with terms, types and higher-order data. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
type instantiation =
(int * term) list * (term * term) list * (hol_type * hol_type) list;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* The last recourse when all else fails! *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let mk_thm(asl,c) =
let ax = new_axiom(itlist (curry mk_imp) (rev asl) c) in
rev_itlist (fun t th -> MP th (ASSUME t)) (rev asl) ax;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Derived congruence rules; very useful things! *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let MK_CONJ =
let andtm = `(/\)` in
fun eq1 eq2 -> MK_COMB(AP_TERM andtm eq1,eq2);;
let MK_DISJ =
let ortm = `(\/)` in
fun eq1 eq2 -> MK_COMB(AP_TERM ortm eq1,eq2);;
let MK_FORALL =
let atm = mk_const("!",[]) in
fun v th -> AP_TERM (inst [type_of v,aty] atm) (ABS v th);;
let MK_EXISTS =
let atm = mk_const("?",[]) in
fun v th -> AP_TERM (inst [type_of v,aty] atm) (ABS v th);;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Eliminate the antecedent of a theorem using a conversion/proof rule. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let MP_CONV (cnv:conv) th =
let l,r = dest_imp(concl th) in
let ath = cnv l in
try MP th (EQT_ELIM ath) with Failure _ -> MP th ath;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Multiple beta-reduction (we use a slight variant below). *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let rec BETAS_CONV tm =
match tm with
Comb(Abs(_,_),_) -> BETA_CONV tm
| Comb(Comb(_,_),_) -> (RATOR_CONV BETAS_CONV THENC BETA_CONV) tm
| _ -> failwith "BETAS_CONV";;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Instantiators. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let (instantiate :instantiation->term->term) =
let betas n tm =
let args,lam = funpow n (fun (l,t) -> (rand t)::l,rator t) ([],tm) in
rev_itlist (fun a l -> let v,b = dest_abs l in vsubst[a,v] b) args lam in
let rec ho_betas bcs pat tm =
if is_var pat || is_const pat then fail() else
try let bv,bod = dest_abs tm in
mk_abs(bv,ho_betas bcs (body pat) bod)
with Failure _ ->
let hop,args = strip_comb pat in
try let n = rev_assoc hop bcs in
if length args = n then betas n tm else fail()
with Failure _ ->
let lpat,rpat = dest_comb pat in
let ltm,rtm = dest_comb tm in
try let lth = ho_betas bcs lpat ltm in
try let rth = ho_betas bcs rpat rtm in
mk_comb(lth,rth)
with Failure _ ->
mk_comb(lth,rtm)
with Failure _ ->
let rth = ho_betas bcs rpat rtm in
mk_comb(ltm,rth) in
fun (bcs,tmin,tyin) tm ->
let itm = if tyin = [] then tm else inst tyin tm in
if tmin = [] then itm else
let ttm = vsubst tmin itm in
if bcs = [] then ttm else
try ho_betas bcs itm ttm with Failure _ -> ttm;;
let (INSTANTIATE : instantiation->thm->thm) =
let rec BETAS_CONV n tm =
if n = 1 then TRY_CONV BETA_CONV tm else
(RATOR_CONV (BETAS_CONV (n-1)) THENC
TRY_CONV BETA_CONV) tm in
let rec HO_BETAS bcs pat tm =
if is_var pat || is_const pat then fail() else
try let bv,bod = dest_abs tm in
ABS bv (HO_BETAS bcs (body pat) bod)
with Failure _ ->
let hop,args = strip_comb pat in
try let n = rev_assoc hop bcs in
if length args = n then BETAS_CONV n tm else fail()
with Failure _ ->
let lpat,rpat = dest_comb pat in
let ltm,rtm = dest_comb tm in
try let lth = HO_BETAS bcs lpat ltm in
try let rth = HO_BETAS bcs rpat rtm in
MK_COMB(lth,rth)
with Failure _ ->
AP_THM lth rtm
with Failure _ ->
let rth = HO_BETAS bcs rpat rtm in
AP_TERM ltm rth in
fun (bcs,tmin,tyin) th ->
let ith = if tyin = [] then th else INST_TYPE tyin th in
if tmin = [] then ith else
let tth = INST tmin ith in
if hyp tth = hyp th then
if bcs = [] then tth else
try let eth = HO_BETAS bcs (concl ith) (concl tth) in
EQ_MP eth tth
with Failure _ -> tth
else failwith "INSTANTIATE: term or type var free in assumptions";;
let (INSTANTIATE_ALL : instantiation->thm->thm) =
fun ((_,tmin,tyin) as i) th ->
if tmin = [] && tyin = [] then th else
let hyps = hyp th in
if hyps = [] then INSTANTIATE i th else
let tyrel,tyiirel =
if tyin = [] then [],hyps else
let tvs = itlist (union o tyvars o snd) tyin [] in
partition (fun tm -> let tvs' = type_vars_in_term tm in
not(intersect tvs tvs' = [])) hyps in
let tmrel,tmirrel =
if tmin = [] then [],tyiirel else
let vs = itlist (union o frees o snd) tmin [] in
partition (fun tm -> let vs' = frees tm in
not (intersect vs vs' = [])) tyiirel in
let rhyps = union tyrel tmrel in
let th1 = rev_itlist DISCH rhyps th in
let th2 = INSTANTIATE i th1 in
funpow (length rhyps) UNDISCH th2;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Higher order matching of terms. *)
(* *)
(* Note: in the event of spillover patterns, this may return false results; *)
(* but there's usually an implicit check outside that the match worked *)
(* anyway. A test could be put in (see if any "env" variables are left in *)
(* the term after abstracting out the pattern instances) but it'd be slower. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let (term_match:term list -> term -> term -> instantiation) =
let safe_inserta ((y,x) as n) l =
try let z = rev_assoc x l in
if aconv y z then l else failwith "safe_inserta"
with Failure "find" -> n::l in
let safe_insert ((y,x) as n) l =
try let z = rev_assoc x l in
if compare y z = 0 then l else failwith "safe_insert"
with Failure "find" -> n::l in
let mk_dummy =
let name = fst(dest_var(genvar aty)) in
fun ty -> mk_var(name,ty) in
let rec term_pmatch lconsts env vtm ctm ((insts,homs) as sofar) =
match (vtm,ctm) with
Var(_,_),_ ->
(try let ctm' = rev_assoc vtm env in
if compare ctm' ctm = 0 then sofar
else failwith "term_pmatch"
with Failure "find" ->
if mem vtm lconsts then
if compare ctm vtm = 0 then sofar
else failwith "term_pmatch: can't instantiate local constant"
else safe_inserta (ctm,vtm) insts,homs)
| Const(vname,vty),Const(cname,cty) ->
if compare vname cname = 0 then
if compare vty cty = 0 then sofar
else safe_insert (mk_dummy cty,mk_dummy vty) insts,homs
else failwith "term_pmatch"
| Abs(vv,vbod),Abs(cv,cbod) ->
let sofar' = safe_insert
(mk_dummy(snd(dest_var cv)),mk_dummy(snd(dest_var vv))) insts,homs in
term_pmatch lconsts ((cv,vv)::env) vbod cbod sofar'
| _ ->
let vhop = repeat rator vtm in
if is_var vhop && not (mem vhop lconsts) &&
not (can (rev_assoc vhop) env) then
let vty = type_of vtm and cty = type_of ctm in
let insts' =
if compare vty cty = 0 then insts
else safe_insert (mk_dummy cty,mk_dummy vty) insts in
(insts',(env,ctm,vtm)::homs)
else
let lv,rv = dest_comb vtm
and lc,rc = dest_comb ctm in
let sofar' = term_pmatch lconsts env lv lc sofar in
term_pmatch lconsts env rv rc sofar' in
let get_type_insts insts =
itlist (fun (t,x) -> type_match (snd(dest_var x)) (type_of t)) insts in
let separate_insts insts =
let realinsts,patterns = partition (is_var o snd) insts in
let betacounts =
if patterns = [] then [] else
itlist
(fun (_,p) sof ->
let hop,args = strip_comb p in
try safe_insert (length args,hop) sof with Failure _ ->
(warn true "Inconsistent patterning in higher order match"; sof))
patterns [] in
let tyins = get_type_insts realinsts [] in
betacounts,
mapfilter (fun (t,x) ->
let x' = let xn,xty = dest_var x in
mk_var(xn,type_subst tyins xty) in
if compare t x' = 0 then fail() else (t,x')) realinsts,
tyins in
let rec term_homatch lconsts tyins (insts,homs) =
if homs = [] then insts else
let (env,ctm,vtm) = hd homs in
if is_var vtm then
if compare ctm vtm = 0
then term_homatch lconsts tyins (insts,tl homs) else
let newtyins = safe_insert (type_of ctm,snd(dest_var vtm)) tyins
and newinsts = (ctm,vtm)::insts in
term_homatch lconsts newtyins (newinsts,tl homs) else
let vhop,vargs = strip_comb vtm in
let afvs = freesl vargs in
let inst_fn = inst tyins in
try let tmins = map
(fun a -> (try rev_assoc a env with Failure _ -> try
rev_assoc a insts with Failure _ ->
if mem a lconsts then a else fail()),
inst_fn a) afvs in
let pats0 = map inst_fn vargs in
let pats = map (vsubst tmins) pats0 in
let vhop' = inst_fn vhop in
let ni =
let chop,cargs = strip_comb ctm in
if compare cargs pats = 0 then
if compare chop vhop = 0
then insts else safe_inserta (chop,vhop) insts else
let ginsts = map
(fun p -> (if is_var p then p else genvar(type_of p)),p) pats in
let ctm' = subst ginsts ctm
and gvs = map fst ginsts in
let abstm = list_mk_abs(gvs,ctm') in
let vinsts = safe_inserta (abstm,vhop) insts in
let icpair = ctm',list_mk_comb(vhop',gvs) in
icpair::vinsts in
term_homatch lconsts tyins (ni,tl homs)
with Failure _ ->
let lc,rc = dest_comb ctm
and lv,rv = dest_comb vtm in
let pinsts_homs' =
term_pmatch lconsts env rv rc (insts,(env,lc,lv)::(tl homs)) in
let tyins' = get_type_insts (fst pinsts_homs') [] in
term_homatch lconsts tyins' pinsts_homs' in
fun lconsts vtm ctm ->
let pinsts_homs = term_pmatch lconsts [] vtm ctm ([],[]) in
let tyins = get_type_insts (fst pinsts_homs) [] in
let insts = term_homatch lconsts tyins pinsts_homs in
separate_insts insts;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* First order unification of terms of the same type. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let (term_unify:term list -> term -> term -> instantiation) =
let augment1 sofar (s,x) =
let s' = subst sofar s in
if vfree_in x s' && not (s = x) then failwith "term_unify: augment1"
else (s',x) in
let raw_augment_insts p insts =
p::(map (augment1 [p]) insts) in
let augment_insts(t,v) insts =
let t' = vsubst insts t in
if t' = v then insts
else if vfree_in v t' then failwith "augment_insts"
else raw_augment_insts (t',v) insts in
let rec unify vars tm1 tm2 sofar =
if tm1 = tm2 then sofar
else if is_var tm1 && mem tm1 vars then
try let tm1' = rev_assoc tm1 sofar in
unify vars tm1' tm2 sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (tm2,tm1) sofar
else if is_var tm2 && mem tm2 vars then
try let tm2' = rev_assoc tm2 sofar in
unify vars tm1 tm2' sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (tm1,tm2) sofar
else if is_abs tm1 then
let tm1' = body tm1
and tm2' = subst [bndvar tm1,bndvar tm2] (body tm2) in
unify vars tm1' tm2' sofar
else
let l1,r1 = dest_comb tm1
and l2,r2 = dest_comb tm2 in
unify vars l1 l2 (unify vars r1 r2 sofar) in
fun vars tm1 tm2 -> [],unify vars tm1 tm2 [],[];;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Unification of types. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let type_unify : hol_type -> hol_type -> (hol_type * hol_type) list
-> (hol_type * hol_type) list =
let augment1 sofar (s,x) =
let s' = type_subst sofar s in
if occurs_in x s' && not (s = x) then failwith "type_unify: augment1"
else (s',x) in
let raw_augment_insts p insts =
p::(map (augment1 [p]) insts) in
let augment_insts(ty,v) insts =
let ty' = type_subst insts ty in
if ty' = v then insts
else if occurs_in v ty' then failwith "type_unify: augment_insts"
else raw_augment_insts (ty',v) insts in
let rec unify ty1 ty2 sofar =
if ty1 = ty2 then sofar
else if is_vartype ty1 then
try let ty1' = rev_assoc ty1 sofar in
unify ty1' ty2 sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (ty2,ty1) sofar
else if is_vartype ty2 then
try let ty2' = rev_assoc ty2 sofar in
unify ty1 ty2' sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (ty1,ty2) sofar
else
let l1,r1 = dest_type ty1
and l2,r2 = dest_type ty2 in
if l1 = l2 then itlist2 unify r1 r2 sofar
else failwith "unify_type" in
unify;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Unification of terms and their types together. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let term_type_unify : term -> term -> instantiation -> instantiation =
let augment_tyinsts (s, t) tyinsts =
let sty = type_of (inst tyinsts s)
and tty = type_of (inst tyinsts t) in
let tyinsts' = type_unify sty tty [] in
tyinsts' @ map (fun (ty, v) -> type_subst tyinsts' ty, v) tyinsts in
let augment1 sofar (s,x) =
let s' = subst sofar s in
if vfree_in x s' && not (s = x) then failwith "term_unify: augment1"
else (s',x) in
let raw_augment_insts p (tminsts, tyinsts) =
p::(map (augment1 [p]) tminsts), tyinsts in
let augment_insts(t,v) (tminsts, tyinsts) =
let tminsts' = map (fun (t, v) -> inst tyinsts t, inst tyinsts v) tminsts in
let t' = inst tyinsts (vsubst tminsts' t) in
let v' = inst tyinsts v in
let sofar' = (tminsts', tyinsts) in
if t' = v' then sofar'
else if vfree_in v' t' then failwith "term_unify: augment_insts"
else raw_augment_insts (t',v') sofar' in
let rec unify tm1 tm2 (tminsts, tyinsts as sofar) =
if tm1 = tm2 then sofar
else if is_var tm1 then
try let tm1' = rev_assoc tm1 tminsts in
unify tm1' tm2 sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (tm2,tm1) (tminsts, augment_tyinsts (tm1, tm2) tyinsts)
else if is_var tm2 then
try let tm2' = rev_assoc tm2 tminsts in
unify tm1 tm2' sofar
with Failure "find" ->
augment_insts (tm1,tm2) (tminsts, augment_tyinsts (tm1, tm2) tyinsts)
else if is_abs tm1 then
let tm1' = body tm1
and tm2' = subst [bndvar tm1,bndvar tm2] (body tm2) in
unify tm1' tm2' sofar
else if is_const tm1 then
if name_of tm1 <> name_of tm2 then failwith "term_unify"
else tminsts, augment_tyinsts (tm1, tm2) tyinsts
else
let l1,r1 = dest_comb tm1
and l2,r2 = dest_comb tm2 in
unify l1 l2 (unify r1 r2 sofar) in
fun tm1 tm2 (it, tminsts, tyinsts) ->
let tminsts', tyinsts' = unify tm1 tm2 (tminsts, tyinsts) in
it,tminsts',tyinsts';;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Modify bound variable names at depth. (Not very efficient...) *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let deep_alpha =
let tryalpha v tm =
try alpha v tm
with Failure _ -> try
let v' = variant (frees tm) v in
alpha v' tm
with Failure _ -> tm in
let rec deep_alpha env tm =
if env = [] then tm else
try let v,bod = dest_abs tm in
let vn,vty = dest_var v in
try let (vn',_),newenv = remove (fun (_,x) -> x = vn) env in
let v' = mk_var(vn',vty) in
let tm' = tryalpha v' tm in
let iv,ib = dest_abs tm' in
mk_abs(iv,deep_alpha newenv ib)
with Failure _ -> mk_abs(v,deep_alpha env bod)
with Failure _ -> try
let l,r = dest_comb tm in
mk_comb(deep_alpha env l,deep_alpha env r)
with Failure _ -> tm in
deep_alpha;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Instantiate theorem by matching part of it to a term. *)
(* The GEN_PART_MATCH version renames free vars to avoid clashes. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let PART_MATCH,GEN_PART_MATCH =
let rec match_bvs t1 t2 acc =
try let v1,b1 = dest_abs t1
and v2,b2 = dest_abs t2 in
let n1 = fst(dest_var v1) and n2 = fst(dest_var v2) in
let newacc = if n1 = n2 then acc else insert (n1,n2) acc in
match_bvs b1 b2 newacc
with Failure _ -> try
let l1,r1 = dest_comb t1
and l2,r2 = dest_comb t2 in
match_bvs l1 l2 (match_bvs r1 r2 acc)
with Failure _ -> acc in
let PART_MATCH partfn th =
let sth = SPEC_ALL th in
let bod = concl sth in
let pbod = partfn bod in
let lconsts = intersect (frees (concl th)) (freesl(hyp th)) in
fun tm ->
let bvms = match_bvs tm pbod [] in
let abod = deep_alpha bvms bod in
let ath = EQ_MP (ALPHA bod abod) sth in
let insts = term_match lconsts (partfn abod) tm in
let fth = INSTANTIATE insts ath in
if hyp fth <> hyp ath then failwith "PART_MATCH: instantiated hyps" else
let tm' = partfn (concl fth) in
if compare tm' tm = 0 then fth else
try SUBS[ALPHA tm' tm] fth
with Failure _ -> failwith "PART_MATCH: Sanity check failure"
and GEN_PART_MATCH partfn th =
let sth = SPEC_ALL th in
let bod = concl sth in
let pbod = partfn bod in
let lconsts = intersect (frees (concl th)) (freesl(hyp th)) in
let fvs = subtract (subtract (frees bod) (frees pbod)) lconsts in
fun tm ->
let bvms = match_bvs tm pbod [] in
let abod = deep_alpha bvms bod in
let ath = EQ_MP (ALPHA bod abod) sth in
let insts = term_match lconsts (partfn abod) tm in
let eth = INSTANTIATE insts (GENL fvs ath) in
let fth = itlist (fun v th -> snd(SPEC_VAR th)) fvs eth in
if hyp fth <> hyp ath then failwith "PART_MATCH: instantiated hyps" else
let tm' = partfn (concl fth) in
if compare tm' tm = 0 then fth else
try SUBS[ALPHA tm' tm] fth
with Failure _ -> failwith "PART_MATCH: Sanity check failure" in
PART_MATCH,GEN_PART_MATCH;;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Matching modus ponens. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let MATCH_MP ith =
let sth =
try let tm = concl ith in
let avs,bod = strip_forall tm in
let ant,con = dest_imp bod in
let svs,pvs = partition (C vfree_in ant) avs in
if pvs = [] then ith else
let th1 = SPECL avs (ASSUME tm) in
let th2 = GENL svs (DISCH ant (GENL pvs (UNDISCH th1))) in
MP (DISCH tm th2) ith
with Failure _ -> failwith "MATCH_MP: Not an implication" in
let match_fun = PART_MATCH (fst o dest_imp) sth in
fun th -> try MP (match_fun (concl th)) th
with Failure _ -> failwith "MATCH_MP: No match";;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Useful instance of more general higher order matching. *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let HIGHER_REWRITE_CONV =
let BETA_VAR =
let rec BETA_CONVS n =
if n = 1 then TRY_CONV BETA_CONV else
RATOR_CONV (BETA_CONVS (n - 1)) THENC TRY_CONV BETA_CONV in
let rec free_beta v tm =
if is_abs tm then
let bv,bod = dest_abs tm in
if v = bv then failwith "unchanged" else
ABS_CONV(free_beta v bod) else
let op,args = strip_comb tm in
if args = [] then failwith "unchanged" else
if op = v then BETA_CONVS (length args) else
let l,r = dest_comb tm in
try let lconv = free_beta v l in
(try let rconv = free_beta v r in
COMB2_CONV lconv rconv
with Failure _ -> RATOR_CONV lconv)
with Failure _ -> RAND_CONV (free_beta v r) in
free_beta in
let GINST th =
let fvs = subtract (frees(concl th)) (freesl (hyp th)) in
let gvs = map (genvar o type_of) fvs in
INST (zip gvs fvs) th in
fun ths ->
let thl = map (GINST o SPEC_ALL) ths in
let concs = map concl thl in
let lefts = map lhs concs in
let preds,pats = unzip(map dest_comb lefts) in
let beta_fns = map2 BETA_VAR preds concs in
let ass_list = zip pats (zip preds (zip thl beta_fns)) in
let mnet = itlist (fun p n -> enter [] (p,p) n) pats empty_net in
let look_fn t =
mapfilter (fun p -> if can (term_match [] p) t then p else fail())
(lookup t mnet) in
fun top tm ->
let pred t = not (look_fn t = []) && free_in t tm in
let stm = if top then find_term pred tm
else hd(sort free_in (find_terms pred tm)) in
let pat = hd(look_fn stm) in
let _,tmin,tyin = term_match [] pat stm in
let pred,(th,beta_fn) = assoc pat ass_list in
let gv = genvar(type_of stm) in
let abs = mk_abs(gv,subst[gv,stm] tm) in
let _,tmin0,tyin0 = term_match [] pred abs in
CONV_RULE beta_fn (INST tmin (INST tmin0 (INST_TYPE tyin0 th)));;
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
(* Derived principle of definition justifying |- c x1 .. xn = t[x1,..,xn] *)
(* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)
let new_definition tm =
let avs,bod = strip_forall tm in
let l,r = try dest_eq bod
with Failure _ -> failwith "new_definition: Not an equation" in
let lv,largs = strip_comb l in
let rtm = try list_mk_abs(largs,r)
with Failure _ -> failwith "new_definition: Non-variable in LHS pattern" in
let def = mk_eq(lv,rtm) in
let th1 = new_basic_definition def in
let th2 = rev_itlist
(fun tm th -> let ith = AP_THM th tm in
TRANS ith (BETA_CONV(rand(concl ith)))) largs th1 in
let rvs = filter (not o C mem avs) largs in
itlist GEN rvs (itlist GEN avs th2);;