02_file_io.ipynb

{
 "metadata": {
  "name": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import pysal as ps\n",
      "import numpy as np"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Reading dbf files"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "dbf = ps.open(\"data/south.dbf\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 2
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "dbf.header"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 3,
       "text": [
        "['NAME',\n",
        " 'STATE_NAME',\n",
        " 'STATE_FIPS',\n",
        " 'CNTY_FIPS',\n",
        " 'FIPS',\n",
        " 'STFIPS',\n",
        " 'COFIPS',\n",
        " 'FIPSNO',\n",
        " 'SOUTH',\n",
        " 'HR60',\n",
        " 'HR70',\n",
        " 'HR80',\n",
        " 'HR90',\n",
        " 'HC60',\n",
        " 'HC70',\n",
        " 'HC80',\n",
        " 'HC90',\n",
        " 'PO60',\n",
        " 'PO70',\n",
        " 'PO80',\n",
        " 'PO90',\n",
        " 'RD60',\n",
        " 'RD70',\n",
        " 'RD80',\n",
        " 'RD90',\n",
        " 'PS60',\n",
        " 'PS70',\n",
        " 'PS80',\n",
        " 'PS90',\n",
        " 'UE60',\n",
        " 'UE70',\n",
        " 'UE80',\n",
        " 'UE90',\n",
        " 'DV60',\n",
        " 'DV70',\n",
        " 'DV80',\n",
        " 'DV90',\n",
        " 'MA60',\n",
        " 'MA70',\n",
        " 'MA80',\n",
        " 'MA90',\n",
        " 'POL60',\n",
        " 'POL70',\n",
        " 'POL80',\n",
        " 'POL90',\n",
        " 'DNL60',\n",
        " 'DNL70',\n",
        " 'DNL80',\n",
        " 'DNL90',\n",
        " 'MFIL59',\n",
        " 'MFIL69',\n",
        " 'MFIL79',\n",
        " 'MFIL89',\n",
        " 'FP59',\n",
        " 'FP69',\n",
        " 'FP79',\n",
        " 'FP89',\n",
        " 'BLK60',\n",
        " 'BLK70',\n",
        " 'BLK80',\n",
        " 'BLK90',\n",
        " 'GI59',\n",
        " 'GI69',\n",
        " 'GI79',\n",
        " 'GI89',\n",
        " 'FH60',\n",
        " 'FH70',\n",
        " 'FH80',\n",
        " 'FH90']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 3
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HR90 = dbf.by_col('HR90')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 4
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HR90"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 5,
       "text": [
        "[0.9460827444,\n",
        " 1.2349338075,\n",
        " 2.6210086952,\n",
        " 4.4615768997,\n",
        " 6.7127356434,\n",
        " 1.6475414563,\n",
        " 3.1133527251,\n",
        " 4.6720020931,\n",
        " 1.1846376194,\n",
        " 3.8433663497,\n",
        " 3.0901393653,\n",
        " 6.8877638875,\n",
        " 4.863340142,\n",
        " 7.2721948833,\n",
        " 1.7308824038,\n",
        " 3.1068030109,\n",
        " 8.2453825858,\n",
        " 2.4971594811,\n",
        " 9.8982806104,\n",
        " 7.8758318847,\n",
        " 6.8054988431,\n",
        " 8.0817876914,\n",
        " 3.711332554,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.28559004,\n",
        " 2.916110783,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.6846152371,\n",
        " 6.5148701912,\n",
        " 5.6047528304,\n",
        " 35.415992993,\n",
        " 5.7060655477,\n",
        " 3.2029381619,\n",
        " 4.4472213893,\n",
        " 6.3930443677,\n",
        " 1.9350818733,\n",
        " 4.2465549823,\n",
        " 3.9269971235,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.0366523944,\n",
        " 4.7592409245,\n",
        " 4.5564314029,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.8707929319,\n",
        " 1.1576284823,\n",
        " 7.3978176438,\n",
        " 21.4827288,\n",
        " 5.9945569423,\n",
        " 2.7822160748,\n",
        " 1.4577046982,\n",
        " 17.386012953,\n",
        " 4.2146078307,\n",
        " 3.8553473668,\n",
        " 3.2856676829,\n",
        " 4.22743606,\n",
        " 7.6505240609,\n",
        " 1.3239071147,\n",
        " 2.0516608194,\n",
        " 64.260998517,\n",
        " 7.9484937604,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.2734295722,\n",
        " 13.227513228,\n",
        " 6.6301617759,\n",
        " 2.5644971021,\n",
        " 6.9603953505,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 12.361703443,\n",
        " 5.033725964,\n",
        " 11.392628969,\n",
        " 6.9587001148,\n",
        " 6.1472260642,\n",
        " 4.2922139239,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.7863427548,\n",
        " 14.349261013,\n",
        " 6.0002400096,\n",
        " 3.6289078802,\n",
        " 6.2136887563,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.101243339,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.1167907488,\n",
        " 9.2268554218,\n",
        " 9.9219473475,\n",
        " 3.5982872153,\n",
        " 3.8908991868,\n",
        " 6.6780192995,\n",
        " 9.1513782457,\n",
        " 8.3689011633,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.5994956978,\n",
        " 3.8103947569,\n",
        " 7.5736450921,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.1030690957,\n",
        " 3.7348272642,\n",
        " 8.0711335907,\n",
        " 1.0021144615,\n",
        " 5.4235817334,\n",
        " 6.1424522424,\n",
        " 4.1084634347,\n",
        " 1.9550342131,\n",
        " 5.5865141548,\n",
        " 2.4385634423,\n",
        " 9.7115664757,\n",
        " 2.1710576307,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.7097179399,\n",
        " 3.2023569347,\n",
        " 4.6683161384,\n",
        " 1.6377601992,\n",
        " 8.3215903662,\n",
        " 1.1613794866,\n",
        " 4.9284147754,\n",
        " 15.589436598,\n",
        " 7.6136528022,\n",
        " 8.6643099744,\n",
        " 13.427865506,\n",
        " 3.5037928558,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.5324232082,\n",
        " 8.6132644272,\n",
        " 2.9394473839,\n",
        " 4.7625851312,\n",
        " 10.32791118,\n",
        " 6.9458915052,\n",
        " 2.8824258496,\n",
        " 9.7319541764,\n",
        " 6.938301157,\n",
        " 9.0194562556,\n",
        " 6.2121171783,\n",
        " 5.5164804855,\n",
        " 5.112213077,\n",
        " 1.6704251232,\n",
        " 4.088140305,\n",
        " 15.345072314,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.480114801,\n",
        " 4.5752979663,\n",
        " 2.8617216117,\n",
        " 2.1022978115,\n",
        " 5.6504836814,\n",
        " 4.5831614648,\n",
        " 5.3911262063,\n",
        " 8.2628921775,\n",
        " 19.638648861,\n",
        " 12.260912212,\n",
        " 10.434601137,\n",
        " 11.565677276,\n",
        " 9.5020904599,\n",
        " 10.844642746,\n",
        " 1.1205737338,\n",
        " 6.8450594467,\n",
        " 2.6818998579,\n",
        " 7.169075476,\n",
        " 2.1852191775,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.9756535398,\n",
        " 11.281931119,\n",
        " 17.783573906,\n",
        " 10.600519425,\n",
        " 5.4208097141,\n",
        " 3.4816516956,\n",
        " 10.644526052,\n",
        " 7.5895567699,\n",
        " 5.7048319927,\n",
        " 3.4408010185,\n",
        " 4.6370360066,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.1925422214,\n",
        " 2.3535503307,\n",
        " 6.0397414991,\n",
        " 17.843032296,\n",
        " 4.6935135643,\n",
        " 15.377518069,\n",
        " 7.124029351,\n",
        " 6.842753524,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.8787747934,\n",
        " 9.3311871603,\n",
        " 4.7680350927,\n",
        " 8.0487524434,\n",
        " 1.3337601366,\n",
        " 10.357596002,\n",
        " 11.556685543,\n",
        " 6.1181725019,\n",
        " 5.0516879526,\n",
        " 21.299254526,\n",
        " 5.2034550942,\n",
        " 1.5794045645,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.0406489282,\n",
        " 2.6868719437,\n",
        " 13.473457289,\n",
        " 7.8000078,\n",
        " 8.414379103,\n",
        " 12.736419792,\n",
        " 6.5240083507,\n",
        " 10.386373079,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.3886301206,\n",
        " 9.9775505113,\n",
        " 9.573958832,\n",
        " 3.1670625495,\n",
        " 45.636015024,\n",
        " 3.3188410607,\n",
        " 13.33743716,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.5039240342,\n",
        " 6.05267098,\n",
        " 5.4209356535,\n",
        " 15.312763188,\n",
        " 4.6912016513,\n",
        " 23.65206861,\n",
        " 7.2495287806,\n",
        " 33.095048981,\n",
        " 11.258979036,\n",
        " 9.3078670092,\n",
        " 6.3830466282,\n",
        " 19.964861843,\n",
        " 11.38044839,\n",
        " 5.3061657646,\n",
        " 4.7290267663,\n",
        " 14.257199886,\n",
        " 13.121571359,\n",
        " 3.2140905731,\n",
        " 8.6060988554,\n",
        " 11.193194538,\n",
        " 16.510913714,\n",
        " 7.0069228398,\n",
        " 3.6783638638,\n",
        " 3.193051919,\n",
        " 17.321016166,\n",
        " 5.9285608419,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.1568646021,\n",
        " 3.3677517563,\n",
        " 24.525583249,\n",
        " 6.5274151436,\n",
        " 6.4368703936,\n",
        " 13.045413386,\n",
        " 9.7344917379,\n",
        " 15.560650228,\n",
        " 10.100572847,\n",
        " 24.434344915,\n",
        " 13.020833333,\n",
        " 5.1171835022,\n",
        " 3.783579266,\n",
        " 8.8930389737,\n",
        " 4.1500664011,\n",
        " 14.455044811,\n",
        " 22.264631043,\n",
        " 2.4691358025,\n",
        " 5.7038558065,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 14.762326543,\n",
        " 9.6629560915,\n",
        " 11.957619062,\n",
        " 3.371345251,\n",
        " 4.2183413482,\n",
        " 4.7710682422,\n",
        " 4.2116257718,\n",
        " 6.5212004226,\n",
        " 13.590649633,\n",
        " 5.0322061192,\n",
        " 11.15697869,\n",
        " 4.9018166132,\n",
        " 9.6701043888,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.661025293,\n",
        " 4.651108708,\n",
        " 10.181774623,\n",
        " 5.5532417048,\n",
        " 2.9191114225,\n",
        " 9.7580015613,\n",
        " 8.9690790998,\n",
        " 6.0938452163,\n",
        " 1.3652249891,\n",
        " 2.6178695777,\n",
        " 3.6757948906,\n",
        " 8.9859370086,\n",
        " 10.425137091,\n",
        " 7.2911540074,\n",
        " 10.297600659,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 9.4535829079,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 9.8164327084,\n",
        " 8.0041621643,\n",
        " 5.549081627,\n",
        " 9.015381628,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.6330051141,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.0603366019,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 17.003740823,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 10.681706509,\n",
        " 10.579995345,\n",
        " 7.8486774978,\n",
        " 4.9677098857,\n",
        " 4.9135220126,\n",
        " 4.5574696928,\n",
        " 7.5204933444,\n",
        " 2.1792664589,\n",
        " 21.735933974,\n",
        " 5.6997594702,\n",
        " 8.1645983018,\n",
        " 13.205678442,\n",
        " 7.1826696547,\n",
        " 3.6489691662,\n",
        " 15.261641771,\n",
        " 15.805556531,\n",
        " 8.7711604245,\n",
        " 3.5132096684,\n",
        " 2.0477536143,\n",
        " 11.977482333,\n",
        " 5.4226994198,\n",
        " 39.186569319,\n",
        " 9.9950024988,\n",
        " 7.0330906917,\n",
        " 3.5625222658,\n",
        " 12.853263926,\n",
        " 3.5501850937,\n",
        " 8.6237205384,\n",
        " 8.3825809967,\n",
        " 10.680538802,\n",
        " 13.815971263,\n",
        " 7.3292289651,\n",
        " 7.2361518145,\n",
        " 5.3390530841,\n",
        " 12.107123832,\n",
        " 9.0538705297,\n",
        " 1.8157388241,\n",
        " 5.437737901,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.9273188711,\n",
        " 4.7511806684,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.2877412532,\n",
        " 3.7398556416,\n",
        " 4.5026790941,\n",
        " 4.54473152,\n",
        " 10.427528676,\n",
        " 7.0227754008,\n",
        " 16.120581953,\n",
        " 4.2803638309,\n",
        " 2.4267132596,\n",
        " 9.6163092605,\n",
        " 10.359780373,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.5823034211,\n",
        " 19.306882904,\n",
        " 4.4775183802,\n",
        " 4.8325520707,\n",
        " 10.457334077,\n",
        " 16.516712305,\n",
        " 9.9403578529,\n",
        " 17.998560115,\n",
        " 7.5602933394,\n",
        " 28.683087734,\n",
        " 5.9941257568,\n",
        " 12.608977592,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 10.650307794,\n",
        " 6.4718635731,\n",
        " 9.3514751952,\n",
        " 3.1528833118,\n",
        " 4.1703156929,\n",
        " 10.757314974,\n",
        " 22.522522523,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.3636346901,\n",
        " 18.31166453,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.3442784155,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.0262511575,\n",
        " 5.4701415741,\n",
        " 8.3326389468,\n",
        " 7.1477073729,\n",
        " 3.5339435276,\n",
        " 3.6517674554,\n",
        " 8.5973962171,\n",
        " 2.5275776779,\n",
        " 7.3024682343,\n",
        " 9.8673993707,\n",
        " 8.4185004967,\n",
        " 4.7137571001,\n",
        " 7.7995515258,\n",
        " 6.5648517836,\n",
        " 14.879087834,\n",
        " 4.5103557769,\n",
        " 12.762834626,\n",
        " 18.99876508,\n",
        " 1.9267822736,\n",
        " 9.1802074727,\n",
        " 10.34355375,\n",
        " 6.6032752245,\n",
        " 14.808233378,\n",
        " 5.7043438578,\n",
        " 6.4884926583,\n",
        " 5.7382222987,\n",
        " 5.3724053724,\n",
        " 6.7263065851,\n",
        " 3.2799790081,\n",
        " 5.240430973,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.900184911,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.028440792,\n",
        " 11.283370568,\n",
        " 2.709718677,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 12.472895439,\n",
        " 8.6249649611,\n",
        " 9.8096919757,\n",
        " 7.054113871,\n",
        " 7.8138041506,\n",
        " 12.648829983,\n",
        " 4.3182554248,\n",
        " 9.5637038312,\n",
        " 15.650064557,\n",
        " 10.722295524,\n",
        " 4.038446006,\n",
        " 14.870228658,\n",
        " 4.8949063604,\n",
        " 10.94421188,\n",
        " 3.8384768924,\n",
        " 9.047644898,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.2979789275,\n",
        " 4.8729890219,\n",
        " 14.530659692,\n",
        " 6.0049240377,\n",
        " 2.4230088924,\n",
        " 4.6190443197,\n",
        " 20.627792119,\n",
        " 11.606313835,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 12.753475322,\n",
        " 14.613886964,\n",
        " 13.640238704,\n",
        " 5.3414298164,\n",
        " 6.6368010619,\n",
        " 2.1618349655,\n",
        " 17.279421538,\n",
        " 7.1645645362,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.7639203563,\n",
        " 2.5951444847,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 2.8799117924,\n",
        " 5.5975370837,\n",
        " 7.8648813386,\n",
        " 11.836739086,\n",
        " 5.9825071491,\n",
        " 2.6121766615,\n",
        " 7.2611094975,\n",
        " 7.8940928503,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.9582985158,\n",
        " 16.224829784,\n",
        " 2.4916529626,\n",
        " 11.001971553,\n",
        " 10.634800936,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.1443880832,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.4078361032,\n",
        " 19.865764193,\n",
        " 6.8455640745,\n",
        " 8.5492006497,\n",
        " 8.1342018158,\n",
        " 7.4654721911,\n",
        " 10.557432432,\n",
        " 4.2651033124,\n",
        " 10.320183699,\n",
        " 14.689033168,\n",
        " 9.1349228099,\n",
        " 2.0206918849,\n",
        " 6.3661828368,\n",
        " 9.7302293902,\n",
        " 21.192534173,\n",
        " 9.0411825867,\n",
        " 10.082677959,\n",
        " 6.8463139446,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 13.280950793,\n",
        " 4.5779161326,\n",
        " 11.541623034,\n",
        " 10.289653753,\n",
        " 8.7708761152,\n",
        " 14.759058372,\n",
        " 4.9571823376,\n",
        " 11.113675806,\n",
        " 14.277555682,\n",
        " 9.2312499112,\n",
        " 13.789774882,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 9.1469549787,\n",
        " 5.8618365134,\n",
        " 7.0599863507,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.5183722379,\n",
        " 5.8118838495,\n",
        " 4.0317703504,\n",
        " 11.229502683,\n",
        " 9.2854821487,\n",
        " 1.717239366,\n",
        " 4.9579811101,\n",
        " 9.4604822143,\n",
        " 6.5765676893,\n",
        " 8.8746893859,\n",
        " 2.182858016,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 10.833766684,\n",
        " 11.797182833,\n",
        " 5.7715060745,\n",
        " 12.809901068,\n",
        " 10.647359455,\n",
        " 17.369270695,\n",
        " 5.0689375507,\n",
        " 9.7356086842,\n",
        " 5.6698985088,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 18.530155814,\n",
        " 9.9558429085,\n",
        " 7.8009205086,\n",
        " 17.516035134,\n",
        " 16.710408619,\n",
        " 18.804768889,\n",
        " 16.132713208,\n",
        " 9.9330512347,\n",
        " 6.6244029757,\n",
        " 4.5121263395,\n",
        " 17.46245572,\n",
        " 4.8772160851,\n",
        " 8.6915493308,\n",
        " 10.167251284,\n",
        " 19.81360869,\n",
        " 8.4230386954,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 14.277963391,\n",
        " 6.4393573521,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.2543600106,\n",
        " 23.154591184,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.9419105968,\n",
        " 3.0469226082,\n",
        " 13.19156487,\n",
        " 3.4811062956,\n",
        " 2.8326204572,\n",
        " 9.0646569027,\n",
        " 13.896609227,\n",
        " 13.117162495,\n",
        " 5.6899956488,\n",
        " 6.9354139575,\n",
        " 10.504201681,\n",
        " 28.034201726,\n",
        " 8.5554177183,\n",
        " 8.8366544426,\n",
        " 3.2430153557,\n",
        " 21.533913003,\n",
        " 7.060650992,\n",
        " 9.1431556949,\n",
        " 10.851376126,\n",
        " 5.2166881855,\n",
        " 8.4739234265,\n",
        " 4.624491306,\n",
        " 5.9465406,\n",
        " 5.3561966413,\n",
        " 2.3676764807,\n",
        " 7.1861451122,\n",
        " 8.8880000889,\n",
        " 7.6793856491,\n",
        " 6.3309456624,\n",
        " 4.3869269577,\n",
        " 10.72673639,\n",
        " 4.2555002341,\n",
        " 9.8667286861,\n",
        " 5.749817238,\n",
        " 2.9311759878,\n",
        " 1.8769825628,\n",
        " 2.5595740869,\n",
        " 6.610477607,\n",
        " 19.546043148,\n",
        " 16.996520569,\n",
        " 17.704128603,\n",
        " 9.5783346399,\n",
        " 9.4999465628,\n",
        " 22.720172673,\n",
        " 23.334500058,\n",
        " 13.080540858,\n",
        " 18.480872297,\n",
        " 20.835937826,\n",
        " 11.983402987,\n",
        " 4.0889305216,\n",
        " 16.493485073,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.4807427905,\n",
        " 20.965302424,\n",
        " 9.3791746833,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 18.715420337,\n",
        " 5.8752680591,\n",
        " 5.0820755196,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.5327453862,\n",
        " 10.506408909,\n",
        " 4.9701436372,\n",
        " 7.6398084955,\n",
        " 6.4518210265,\n",
        " 8.1686332651,\n",
        " 9.1716193411,\n",
        " 6.3774770701,\n",
        " 16.788133752,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 20.30543957,\n",
        " 4.6028378588,\n",
        " 10.467658015,\n",
        " 20.588840848,\n",
        " 10.507954522,\n",
        " 1.8850496711,\n",
        " 6.8295514692,\n",
        " 8.2856906123,\n",
        " 7.853531635,\n",
        " 21.957994357,\n",
        " 20.032051282,\n",
        " 7.6736762211,\n",
        " 6.9740843027,\n",
        " 6.4401571398,\n",
        " 5.0993740518,\n",
        " 7.0648078372,\n",
        " 10.141730686,\n",
        " 4.5709061822,\n",
        " 4.9353469549,\n",
        " 11.117596376,\n",
        " 4.1687510422,\n",
        " 5.7840245243,\n",
        " 2.9309182567,\n",
        " 17.113682389,\n",
        " 15.322148165,\n",
        " 10.987682808,\n",
        " 5.1613569207,\n",
        " 16.331863466,\n",
        " 6.3424410787,\n",
        " 15.034767901,\n",
        " 4.6741348955,\n",
        " 8.5390325276,\n",
        " 8.0727624993,\n",
        " 8.1119918417,\n",
        " 13.955273349,\n",
        " 4.9870337123,\n",
        " 13.470106725,\n",
        " 4.8272449706,\n",
        " 6.1985178655,\n",
        " 20.737745289,\n",
        " 9.5198806842,\n",
        " 21.570564127,\n",
        " 5.1258393562,\n",
        " 9.3318402389,\n",
        " 14.91886433,\n",
        " 10.89962805,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.2959017098,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.6751194414,\n",
        " 8.1970572564,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.198835321,\n",
        " 8.5360648741,\n",
        " 5.7646855364,\n",
        " 5.7760064691,\n",
        " 4.5746700519,\n",
        " 3.031129702,\n",
        " 7.825950853,\n",
        " 0.7880406944,\n",
        " 4.6646608625,\n",
        " 8.5995614224,\n",
        " 30.052939409,\n",
        " 13.840447323,\n",
        " 12.840267078,\n",
        " 9.5042579075,\n",
        " 26.333264638,\n",
        " 17.675964224,\n",
        " 11.468152939,\n",
        " 4.527960154,\n",
        " 11.294330246,\n",
        " 12.30754083,\n",
        " 7.4933309355,\n",
        " 5.9921861892,\n",
        " 6.3095463436,\n",
        " 4.6182976955,\n",
        " 8.3788935671,\n",
        " 15.557629906,\n",
        " 13.455931823,\n",
        " 11.548410939,\n",
        " 6.006006006,\n",
        " 18.948365703,\n",
        " 18.323605654,\n",
        " 12.058362474,\n",
        " 8.5282027665,\n",
        " 8.1324367322,\n",
        " 22.243406419,\n",
        " 6.6454013822,\n",
        " 13.979822456,\n",
        " 12.764056417,\n",
        " 17.946340442,\n",
        " 10.023555355,\n",
        " 12.22562211,\n",
        " 9.559315553,\n",
        " 14.817067702,\n",
        " 3.382034632,\n",
        " 6.4674686328,\n",
        " 11.175369486,\n",
        " 22.855452706,\n",
        " 6.6610048126,\n",
        " 19.839957675,\n",
        " 6.5580416495,\n",
        " 3.325794865,\n",
        " 10.072691255,\n",
        " 4.433950761,\n",
        " 4.4970094887,\n",
        " 7.2318345356,\n",
        " 9.8068059233,\n",
        " 22.109219545,\n",
        " 6.6098221958,\n",
        " 4.6648318328,\n",
        " 7.5614938487,\n",
        " 3.3523298693,\n",
        " 43.516100957,\n",
        " 3.9440147112,\n",
        " 14.834594274,\n",
        " 16.626611648,\n",
        " 7.8459063983,\n",
        " 5.7685097055,\n",
        " 2.211606511,\n",
        " 4.7187617969,\n",
        " 14.575899625,\n",
        " 11.569815739,\n",
        " 8.8874076543,\n",
        " 15.733010807,\n",
        " 14.265335235,\n",
        " 12.313754464,\n",
        " 9.5011876485,\n",
        " 7.6437015899,\n",
        " 14.816370339,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.017628205,\n",
        " 2.4443303757,\n",
        " 6.5628150897,\n",
        " 11.080639353,\n",
        " 13.619005595,\n",
        " 31.692171931,\n",
        " 15.390771693,\n",
        " 9.7394691989,\n",
        " 14.265044527,\n",
        " 4.2503754498,\n",
        " 30.681569143,\n",
        " 24.595295591,\n",
        " 9.348998099,\n",
        " 15.248551388,\n",
        " 13.315535983,\n",
        " 13.868663754,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 13.458497359,\n",
        " 17.859268961,\n",
        " 23.880597015,\n",
        " 7.0724780102,\n",
        " 12.814825768,\n",
        " 12.756729175,\n",
        " 5.6074916088,\n",
        " 11.058888582,\n",
        " 22.552999549,\n",
        " 8.1729393977,\n",
        " 4.2839395108,\n",
        " 4.2422314137,\n",
        " 9.1330456424,\n",
        " 13.657004336,\n",
        " 9.2502659451,\n",
        " 3.9406925767,\n",
        " 22.312146936,\n",
        " 5.7890471228,\n",
        " 12.582177346,\n",
        " 10.664747012,\n",
        " 17.916330735,\n",
        " 10.884353741,\n",
        " 13.214517584,\n",
        " 3.7840087789,\n",
        " 15.572414475,\n",
        " 11.641172499,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.576388377,\n",
        " 10.473946059,\n",
        " 8.6644788857,\n",
        " 9.5469950833,\n",
        " 15.231400117,\n",
        " 7.5845487573,\n",
        " 9.5025829748,\n",
        " 7.4230783506,\n",
        " 6.0699869495,\n",
        " 6.1857264362,\n",
        " 16.126431221,\n",
        " 10.865136493,\n",
        " 20.910112653,\n",
        " 13.780938206,\n",
        " 24.967064451,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.6838307072,\n",
        " 4.1807767883,\n",
        " 5.5098695538,\n",
        " 20.67397147,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.7220078062,\n",
        " 11.667740099,\n",
        " 27.672888603,\n",
        " 14.204545455,\n",
        " 10.349556263,\n",
        " 17.16443529,\n",
        " 7.0303712036,\n",
        " 13.433895638,\n",
        " 5.546209166,\n",
        " 4.3194678416,\n",
        " 16.959213093,\n",
        " 13.488905375,\n",
        " 11.162138028,\n",
        " 13.043761821,\n",
        " 17.406440383,\n",
        " 25.438819639,\n",
        " 18.081121344,\n",
        " 7.7552603114,\n",
        " 5.552947353,\n",
        " 8.9960012774,\n",
        " 7.2173505106,\n",
        " 10.763104079,\n",
        " 13.254469241,\n",
        " 11.718263646,\n",
        " 7.377016621,\n",
        " 10.186772255,\n",
        " 21.937040693,\n",
        " 14.731241497,\n",
        " 6.0803474484,\n",
        " 10.606928446,\n",
        " 2.6702982723,\n",
        " 8.7226661836,\n",
        " 25.47627456,\n",
        " 16.103837544,\n",
        " 30.421235985,\n",
        " 7.3494285819,\n",
        " 19.716865807,\n",
        " 5.6946428941,\n",
        " 11.141440588,\n",
        " 13.413141525,\n",
        " 7.5460307878,\n",
        " 13.725893899,\n",
        " 21.353833013,\n",
        " 13.82695565,\n",
        " 23.578788522,\n",
        " 9.5497302201,\n",
        " 22.451728783,\n",
        " 14.272183514,\n",
        " 10.874766193,\n",
        " 4.805982487,\n",
        " 5.240227889,\n",
        " 7.8886127874,\n",
        " 7.726781023,\n",
        " 9.3250237011,\n",
        " 3.1561352745,\n",
        " 16.448044739,\n",
        " 15.272050759,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.6779579977,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 16.559032952,\n",
        " 4.2724087841,\n",
        " 19.977596552,\n",
        " 12.962602891,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.0436273768,\n",
        " 29.315558847,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.7804136464,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 13.466282266,\n",
        " 21.976814461,\n",
        " 9.6315916205,\n",
        " 14.142271249,\n",
        " 21.063112745,\n",
        " 11.11778178,\n",
        " 24.296613052,\n",
        " 14.429233627,\n",
        " 18.512641489,\n",
        " 8.5764764404,\n",
        " 18.098455598,\n",
        " 20.929259104,\n",
        " 22.310472536,\n",
        " 17.406126957,\n",
        " 5.1132586798,\n",
        " 11.687021563,\n",
        " 9.7809076682,\n",
        " 5.0594485201,\n",
        " 8.0363887683,\n",
        " 11.635686651,\n",
        " 9.849305624,\n",
        " 11.374623216,\n",
        " 14.462884622,\n",
        " 18.887686945,\n",
        " 12.052185965,\n",
        " 28.304557034,\n",
        " 16.828217555,\n",
        " 6.1618091072,\n",
        " 16.856908925,\n",
        " 23.523876735,\n",
        " 7.3296318692,\n",
        " 25.7801517,\n",
        " 11.52390023,\n",
        " 10.841619428,\n",
        " 34.922297887,\n",
        " 17.464891599,\n",
        " 21.066743273,\n",
        " 19.333011116,\n",
        " 4.3016303179,\n",
        " 4.5382346267,\n",
        " 12.524265765,\n",
        " 5.5128311144,\n",
        " 37.765646994,\n",
        " 13.036110025,\n",
        " 5.3216257567,\n",
        " 6.3371356147,\n",
        " 5.1452239459,\n",
        " 15.7535989,\n",
        " 24.881126505,\n",
        " 7.8112794876,\n",
        " 12.365524917,\n",
        " 14.892032762,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.0642813827,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.1553790562,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 16.261295793,\n",
        " 3.6995930448,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 20.004400968,\n",
        " 20.209369063,\n",
        " 6.7204301075,\n",
        " 14.464453605,\n",
        " 12.874983906,\n",
        " 4.2503453406,\n",
        " 10.197838058,\n",
        " 12.392955844,\n",
        " 13.354700855,\n",
        " 10.218679747,\n",
        " 2.6125349427,\n",
        " 7.4956899783,\n",
        " 11.122233344,\n",
        " 22.979701264,\n",
        " 7.027900766,\n",
        " 12.979006457,\n",
        " 28.014567575,\n",
        " 8.6982238227,\n",
        " 8.1284291811,\n",
        " 11.977482333,\n",
        " 23.675771077,\n",
        " 7.6499973225,\n",
        " 21.809299485,\n",
        " 8.6737791656,\n",
        " 15.00450135,\n",
        " 8.7662906902,\n",
        " 12.466237274,\n",
        " 10.133788032,\n",
        " 12.585146381,\n",
        " 9.7151227095,\n",
        " 14.542634156,\n",
        " 15.88088069,\n",
        " 8.5024154589,\n",
        " 16.57206778,\n",
        " 20.189362295,\n",
        " 13.387030199,\n",
        " 30.755241763,\n",
        " 3.4419063572,\n",
        " 6.4883663591,\n",
        " 4.1721426038,\n",
        " 14.117750866,\n",
        " 6.571057776,\n",
        " 3.1959092362,\n",
        " 24.367142088,\n",
        " 18.722084035,\n",
        " 5.8320039795,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 4.6007154112,\n",
        " 9.7846975159,\n",
        " 12.91322314,\n",
        " 18.772021025,\n",
        " 3.9368528798,\n",
        " 10.307411586,\n",
        " 11.336816828,\n",
        " 8.3166999335,\n",
        " 9.0148564835,\n",
        " 5.6216094668,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.9744734273,\n",
        " 6.0262745571,\n",
        " 2.3817179331,\n",
        " 15.649452269,\n",
        " 17.792689746,\n",
        " 11.122233344,\n",
        " 16.42075392,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 13.252304954,\n",
        " 18.580453363,\n",
        " 13.166903671,\n",
        " 11.91167493,\n",
        " 9.1459929119,\n",
        " 24.66699556,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 9.6794948442,\n",
        " 9.307087347,\n",
        " 16.616816218,\n",
        " 11.83618717,\n",
        " 12.523167861,\n",
        " 6.2189054726,\n",
        " 10.404961085,\n",
        " 9.0563303749,\n",
        " 13.166309295,\n",
        " 6.7985587056,\n",
        " 16.8333165,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 9.8234239544,\n",
        " 14.740566038,\n",
        " 19.104386367,\n",
        " 8.0995082441,\n",
        " 7.4732830132,\n",
        " 23.464263926,\n",
        " 3.5510102624,\n",
        " 15.114220322,\n",
        " 21.424954229,\n",
        " 17.328019407,\n",
        " 6.7576699554,\n",
        " 32.248607446,\n",
        " 5.8955311874,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 13.232764324,\n",
        " 6.6115702479,\n",
        " 10.491665683,\n",
        " 8.1955457209,\n",
        " 21.804900651,\n",
        " 9.7444517528,\n",
        " 15.151515152,\n",
        " 9.5129375951,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.687742914,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.5039161062,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.8642862663,\n",
        " 11.771234466,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.432887058,\n",
        " 3.8792392812,\n",
        " 12.493753123,\n",
        " 12.079482998,\n",
        " 6.9580706662,\n",
        " 17.112822393,\n",
        " 19.329274186,\n",
        " 23.320507054,\n",
        " 4.3105306263,\n",
        " 12.643823492,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 39.135113981,\n",
        " 6.3083522584,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.435105775,\n",
        " 7.6627057239,\n",
        " 13.460597161,\n",
        " 15.089784216,\n",
        " 21.179389428,\n",
        " 9.0375056484,\n",
        " 24.362019611,\n",
        " 19.392730496,\n",
        " 21.172086721,\n",
        " 21.9030633,\n",
        " 4.8797150246,\n",
        " 4.1547218414,\n",
        " 2.0512820513,\n",
        " 13.663302079,\n",
        " 7.7044570284,\n",
        " 16.56770109,\n",
        " 21.204508263,\n",
        " 16.881911032,\n",
        " 10.958303655,\n",
        " 19.150484507,\n",
        " 17.663163473,\n",
        " 12.311480456,\n",
        " 22.251891411,\n",
        " 13.434143143,\n",
        " 7.4551201765,\n",
        " 7.9569687132,\n",
        " 14.643597369,\n",
        " 13.313553197,\n",
        " 20.169016357,\n",
        " 15.177138893,\n",
        " 19.817677368,\n",
        " 11.861551965,\n",
        " 7.708020195,\n",
        " 4.8012291147,\n",
        " 26.756568738,\n",
        " 13.199079836,\n",
        " 9.4872159765,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.7063654579,\n",
        " 4.6719511625,\n",
        " 13.938253537,\n",
        " 8.1252920027,\n",
        " 13.977077593,\n",
        " 23.164234422,\n",
        " 18.689453956,\n",
        " 5.0832380226,\n",
        " 8.3343751302,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.4956899783,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.89577576,\n",
        " 13.298756566,\n",
        " 6.6269052353,\n",
        " 6.0443656438,\n",
        " 7.9582985158,\n",
        " 6.9545865498,\n",
        " 21.832358674,\n",
        " 10.47678915,\n",
        " 10.950503723,\n",
        " 10.051720672,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.0020008003,\n",
        " 15.263388854,\n",
        " 7.5278530563,\n",
        " 22.495922614,\n",
        " 10.895233462,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.1716965994,\n",
        " 11.776066323,\n",
        " 9.3973480684,\n",
        " 4.9306017799,\n",
        " 18.134493941,\n",
        " 9.2208390964,\n",
        " 21.372790793,\n",
        " 11.744440965,\n",
        " 4.3825050399,\n",
        " 6.8312010227,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 16.30789302,\n",
        " 37.555662857,\n",
        " 8.7374399301,\n",
        " 13.628620102,\n",
        " 6.8884755804,\n",
        " 8.6075649737,\n",
        " 9.0277150853,\n",
        " 6.4470375862,\n",
        " 15.006002401,\n",
        " 17.171881496,\n",
        " 20.903010033,\n",
        " 19.817677368,\n",
        " 5.1073827217,\n",
        " 12.734797835,\n",
        " 15.574217293,\n",
        " 12.210778978,\n",
        " 5.7658390992,\n",
        " 14.077369221,\n",
        " 15.923566879,\n",
        " 8.4577324819,\n",
        " 12.053275478,\n",
        " 17.196059646,\n",
        " 21.645021645,\n",
        " 19.807576002,\n",
        " 3.3148804986,\n",
        " 7.502197072,\n",
        " 9.7761266986,\n",
        " 7.2634300822,\n",
        " 17.12915382,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 11.148272018,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 24.521824424,\n",
        " 16.986136699,\n",
        " 7.3991860895,\n",
        " 6.5749461676,\n",
        " 9.4050855863,\n",
        " 23.812616357,\n",
        " 7.8468298807,\n",
        " 10.012415395,\n",
        " 7.2012621849,\n",
        " 5.8796725022,\n",
        " 17.548246711,\n",
        " 8.8731144632,\n",
        " 10.332179573,\n",
        " 10.034348346,\n",
        " 14.77868913,\n",
        " 13.503477145,\n",
        " 3.4702340673,\n",
        " 7.9969611548,\n",
        " 12.904890954,\n",
        " 16.918429003,\n",
        " 10.563231504,\n",
        " 5.0089158702,\n",
        " 13.20845341,\n",
        " 4.3765352065,\n",
        " 19.476093096,\n",
        " 2.8659043361,\n",
        " 18.604651163,\n",
        " 4.0606421069,\n",
        " 12.2159785,\n",
        " 7.8520054022,\n",
        " 6.6482731111,\n",
        " 5.3112385808,\n",
        " 14.281633819,\n",
        " 13.278393978,\n",
        " 5.9105148058,\n",
        " 14.413266274,\n",
        " 9.8342921768,\n",
        " 2.4464831804,\n",
        " 16.925147876,\n",
        " 24.260067928,\n",
        " 21.084215221,\n",
        " 8.0733707938,\n",
        " 24.183796856,\n",
        " 6.2339929244,\n",
        " 10.078714762,\n",
        " 23.607176582,\n",
        " 15.359213608,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.8661276756,\n",
        " 8.0348618476,\n",
        " 9.4458438287,\n",
        " 14.082523588,\n",
        " 10.04469891,\n",
        " 8.1539606563,\n",
        " 11.52573257,\n",
        " 12.19884111,\n",
        " 21.190930282,\n",
        " 11.971030107,\n",
        " 25.031484915,\n",
        " 10.818998161,\n",
        " 24.51814417,\n",
        " 8.9243061352,\n",
        " 12.966132462,\n",
        " 4.0335592126,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 16.744809109,\n",
        " 9.8534115543,\n",
        " 15.030006334,\n",
        " 11.697019441,\n",
        " 7.5949916455,\n",
        " 11.379585024,\n",
        " 7.1579399449,\n",
        " 19.915359721,\n",
        " 10.453963359,\n",
        " 5.1005267453,\n",
        " 4.4930235598,\n",
        " 6.3725115342,\n",
        " 9.8935303922,\n",
        " 7.2832327843,\n",
        " 9.7341991045,\n",
        " 5.0802166204,\n",
        " 15.584516783,\n",
        " 17.501750175,\n",
        " 7.0412617941,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 6.8868744781,\n",
        " 7.3453797561,\n",
        " 11.951715071,\n",
        " 14.251104461,\n",
        " 7.5550624883,\n",
        " 10.35080964,\n",
        " 8.6926286509,\n",
        " 5.6611250543,\n",
        " 15.037782428,\n",
        " 9.9527245583,\n",
        " 23.549318791,\n",
        " 7.9825023548,\n",
        " 59.162309986,\n",
        " 5.3274731129,\n",
        " 6.5027962024,\n",
        " 17.765933822,\n",
        " 4.5696529349,\n",
        " 8.4039263144,\n",
        " 7.8547808123,\n",
        " 27.639579878,\n",
        " 14.650082773,\n",
        " 3.7890269779,\n",
        " 3.599712023,\n",
        " 8.5045499342,\n",
        " 4.501723517,\n",
        " 7.4346678562,\n",
        " 5.4398085187,\n",
        " 10.329511414,\n",
        " 8.810766757,\n",
        " 20.688941761,\n",
        " 7.3763490954,\n",
        " 6.3119358707,\n",
        " 9.1234929945,\n",
        " 13.274923669,\n",
        " 9.2488400413,\n",
        " 13.318989806,\n",
        " 28.341993387,\n",
        " 8.1329305315,\n",
        " 23.249055507,\n",
        " 18.390509822,\n",
        " 8.5432532708,\n",
        " 6.9683983136,\n",
        " 9.2732233236,\n",
        " 12.484394507,\n",
        " 7.5084470029,\n",
        " 11.425307055,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 5.91179943,\n",
        " 12.858594041,\n",
        " 15.179462647,\n",
        " 9.2386813322,\n",
        " 10.301692421,\n",
        " 8.0925354453,\n",
        " 8.8464260439,\n",
        " 7.9052470218,\n",
        " 8.7659320816,\n",
        " 5.1128665286,\n",
        " 5.4585748753,\n",
        " 10.831889081,\n",
        " 5.3526027031,\n",
        " 14.796441121,\n",
        " 7.172218412,\n",
        " 24.66699556,\n",
        " 12.371338084,\n",
        " 8.2467425367,\n",
        " 6.0596339268,\n",
        " 8.4449652173,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 7.1876807789,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 8.7086027711,\n",
        " 5.304688018,\n",
        " 3.6262341558,\n",
        " 31.721862708,\n",
        " 40.799673603,\n",
        " 9.5849707658,\n",
        " 5.7647288823,\n",
        " 4.1792042795,\n",
        " 5.4541595674,\n",
        " 11.018413908,\n",
        " 6.1884251696,\n",
        " 5.2485172939,\n",
        " 9.2565490084,\n",
        " 7.5930233423,\n",
        " 12.988767314,\n",
        " 6.8086265298,\n",
        " 5.5890900961,\n",
        " 18.062651597,\n",
        " 5.3079964967,\n",
        " 7.0208111624,\n",
        " 10.304143983,\n",
        " 22.223361882,\n",
        " 10.71623412,\n",
        " 6.9278137552,\n",
        " 13.501198231,\n",
        " 5.5052740525,\n",
        " 13.984058174,\n",
        " 6.8400437763,\n",
        " 13.048868011,\n",
        " 19.554438159,\n",
        " 10.777023386,\n",
        " 8.1261173411,\n",
        " 8.2590023125,\n",
        " 4.3911649761,\n",
        " 0.0,\n",
        " 3.9047833596,\n",
        " 10.615489969,\n",
        " 20.693490604,\n",
        " 14.808233378,\n",
        " 7.3003167816,\n",
        " 8.7532663112,\n",
        " 5.6481219994,\n",
        " 9.2045312592,\n",
        " 12.302014455,\n",
        " 10.142138621,\n",
        " 21.664754868,\n",
        " 11.534912335,\n",
        " 6.4438387236,\n",
        " 12.561604047,\n",
        " 16.479506556,\n",
        " 3.3007001461,\n",
        " 18.362582304,\n",
        " 12.027014525,\n",
        " 6.5852726961,\n",
        " 2.5867866936,\n",
        " 4.3673298769,\n",
        " 3.7277119437]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 5
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "type(HR90)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 6,
       "text": [
        "list"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 6
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "type(HR90[0])"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 7,
       "text": [
        "float"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 7
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Note that the reader determines (or tries to guess) the data type upon read. In this case we have a python list returned with each element being a float.\n",
      "\n",
      "We can convert this to a numpy array for subsequent numerical analysis."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HR90 = np.array(dbf.by_col(\"HR90\"))"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 8
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "HR90"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 9,
       "text": [
        "array([ 0.94608274,  1.23493381,  2.6210087 , ...,  2.58678669,\n",
        "        4.36732988,  3.72771194])"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 9
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "First_row = dbf.by_row[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 10
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "First_row"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 11,
       "text": [
        "['Hancock',\n",
        " 'West Virginia',\n",
        " '54',\n",
        " '029',\n",
        " '54029',\n",
        " 54,\n",
        " 29,\n",
        " 54029,\n",
        " 1,\n",
        " 1.6828642349,\n",
        " 4.1929776011,\n",
        " 6.5977204876,\n",
        " 0.9460827444,\n",
        " 0.6666666667,\n",
        " 1.6666666667,\n",
        " 2.6666666667,\n",
        " 0.3333333333,\n",
        " 39615,\n",
        " 39749,\n",
        " 40418,\n",
        " 35233,\n",
        " -1.394676863,\n",
        " -1.307438562,\n",
        " -1.159302086,\n",
        " -0.399028376,\n",
        " 1.218684208,\n",
        " 1.1368342185,\n",
        " 1.0385705291,\n",
        " 0.8964534429,\n",
        " 3.1,\n",
        " 2.7,\n",
        " 7.0763827919,\n",
        " 6.8578070515,\n",
        " 2.2779893943,\n",
        " 2.5591397849,\n",
        " 5.0619350519,\n",
        " 7.2636377003,\n",
        " 28.9,\n",
        " 30.0,\n",
        " 31.4,\n",
        " 37.7,\n",
        " 10.586963113,\n",
        " 10.590339963,\n",
        " 10.607030509,\n",
        " 10.469738422,\n",
        " 6.1681225056,\n",
        " 6.1714993547,\n",
        " 6.1714631077,\n",
        " 6.0508978146,\n",
        " 8.8410143105,\n",
        " 9.2471543451,\n",
        " 10.073356901,\n",
        " 10.327970666,\n",
        " 9.6,\n",
        " 5.9,\n",
        " 6.5327526442,\n",
        " 10.17311807,\n",
        " 3.839454752,\n",
        " 3.2554278095,\n",
        " 2.5607402642,\n",
        " 2.5572616581,\n",
        " 0.2236450331,\n",
        " 0.2953773833,\n",
        " 0.3322512119,\n",
        " 0.3639335641,\n",
        " 9.9812973718,\n",
        " 7.8,\n",
        " 9.7857968181,\n",
        " 12.604551644]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 11
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Reading Shape Files"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "south = ps.open(\"data/south.shp\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 12
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "south.header"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 13,
       "text": [
        "{'BBOX Mmax': 0.0,\n",
        " 'BBOX Mmin': 0.0,\n",
        " 'BBOX Xmax': -75.0459976196289,\n",
        " 'BBOX Xmin': -106.6495132446289,\n",
        " 'BBOX Ymax': 40.63713836669922,\n",
        " 'BBOX Ymin': 24.95596694946289,\n",
        " 'BBOX Zmax': 0.0,\n",
        " 'BBOX Zmin': 3.754550197104843e+72,\n",
        " 'File Code': 9994,\n",
        " 'File Length': 368724,\n",
        " 'Shape Type': 5,\n",
        " 'Unused0': 0,\n",
        " 'Unused1': 0,\n",
        " 'Unused2': 0,\n",
        " 'Unused3': 0,\n",
        " 'Unused4': 0,\n",
        " 'Version': 1000}"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 13
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "shps = []\n",
      "for shp in south:\n",
      "    shps.append(shp)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 14
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "len(shps)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 15,
       "text": [
        "1412"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 15
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "shp0 = shps[0]"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 16
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "type(shp0)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 17,
       "text": [
        "pysal.cg.shapes.Polygon"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We won't have much cause for reading the shapefiles for manipulating individual shapes, but in case you do, this is how."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Reading csv files"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "f = ps.open(\"data/usjoin.csv\",'r')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "To determine what is in the file, check the `header` attribute on the file object:"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "f.header"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 19,
       "text": [
        "['Name',\n",
        " 'STATE_FIPS',\n",
        " '1929',\n",
        " '1930',\n",
        " '1931',\n",
        " '1932',\n",
        " '1933',\n",
        " '1934',\n",
        " '1935',\n",
        " '1936',\n",
        " '1937',\n",
        " '1938',\n",
        " '1939',\n",
        " '1940',\n",
        " '1941',\n",
        " '1942',\n",
        " '1943',\n",
        " '1944',\n",
        " '1945',\n",
        " '1946',\n",
        " '1947',\n",
        " '1948',\n",
        " '1949',\n",
        " '1950',\n",
        " '1951',\n",
        " '1952',\n",
        " '1953',\n",
        " '1954',\n",
        " '1955',\n",
        " '1956',\n",
        " '1957',\n",
        " '1958',\n",
        " '1959',\n",
        " '1960',\n",
        " '1961',\n",
        " '1962',\n",
        " '1963',\n",
        " '1964',\n",
        " '1965',\n",
        " '1966',\n",
        " '1967',\n",
        " '1968',\n",
        " '1969',\n",
        " '1970',\n",
        " '1971',\n",
        " '1972',\n",
        " '1973',\n",
        " '1974',\n",
        " '1975',\n",
        " '1976',\n",
        " '1977',\n",
        " '1978',\n",
        " '1979',\n",
        " '1980',\n",
        " '1981',\n",
        " '1982',\n",
        " '1983',\n",
        " '1984',\n",
        " '1985',\n",
        " '1986',\n",
        " '1987',\n",
        " '1988',\n",
        " '1989',\n",
        " '1990',\n",
        " '1991',\n",
        " '1992',\n",
        " '1993',\n",
        " '1994',\n",
        " '1995',\n",
        " '1996',\n",
        " '1997',\n",
        " '1998',\n",
        " '1999',\n",
        " '2000',\n",
        " '2001',\n",
        " '2002',\n",
        " '2003',\n",
        " '2004',\n",
        " '2005',\n",
        " '2006',\n",
        " '2007',\n",
        " '2008',\n",
        " '2009']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Ok, lets pull in the name variable to see what we have"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "name = f.by_col('Name')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 20
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "name"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 21,
       "text": [
        "['Alabama',\n",
        " 'Arizona',\n",
        " 'Arkansas',\n",
        " 'California',\n",
        " 'Colorado',\n",
        " 'Connecticut',\n",
        " 'Delaware',\n",
        " 'Florida',\n",
        " 'Georgia',\n",
        " 'Idaho',\n",
        " 'Illinois',\n",
        " 'Indiana',\n",
        " 'Iowa',\n",
        " 'Kansas',\n",
        " 'Kentucky',\n",
        " 'Louisiana',\n",
        " 'Maine',\n",
        " 'Maryland',\n",
        " 'Massachusetts',\n",
        " 'Michigan',\n",
        " 'Minnesota',\n",
        " 'Mississippi',\n",
        " 'Missouri',\n",
        " 'Montana',\n",
        " 'Nebraska',\n",
        " 'Nevada',\n",
        " 'New Hampshire',\n",
        " 'New Jersey',\n",
        " 'New Mexico',\n",
        " 'New York',\n",
        " 'North Carolina',\n",
        " 'North Dakota',\n",
        " 'Ohio',\n",
        " 'Oklahoma',\n",
        " 'Oregon',\n",
        " 'Pennsylvania',\n",
        " 'Rhode Island',\n",
        " 'South Carolina',\n",
        " 'South Dakota',\n",
        " 'Tennessee',\n",
        " 'Texas',\n",
        " 'Utah',\n",
        " 'Vermont',\n",
        " 'Virginia',\n",
        " 'Washington',\n",
        " 'West Virginia',\n",
        " 'Wisconsin',\n",
        " 'Wyoming']"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 21
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Now obtain per capita incomes in 1929 which is in the column associated with `1929`"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y1929 = f.by_col('1929')"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 22
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y1929"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 23,
       "text": [
        "[323,\n",
        " 600,\n",
        " 310,\n",
        " 991,\n",
        " 634,\n",
        " 1024,\n",
        " 1032,\n",
        " 518,\n",
        " 347,\n",
        " 507,\n",
        " 948,\n",
        " 607,\n",
        " 581,\n",
        " 532,\n",
        " 393,\n",
        " 414,\n",
        " 601,\n",
        " 768,\n",
        " 906,\n",
        " 790,\n",
        " 599,\n",
        " 286,\n",
        " 621,\n",
        " 592,\n",
        " 596,\n",
        " 868,\n",
        " 686,\n",
        " 918,\n",
        " 410,\n",
        " 1152,\n",
        " 332,\n",
        " 382,\n",
        " 771,\n",
        " 455,\n",
        " 668,\n",
        " 772,\n",
        " 874,\n",
        " 271,\n",
        " 426,\n",
        " 378,\n",
        " 479,\n",
        " 551,\n",
        " 634,\n",
        " 434,\n",
        " 741,\n",
        " 460,\n",
        " 673,\n",
        " 675]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "And now 2009"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y2009 = f.by_col(\"2009\")"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 24
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y2009"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 25,
       "text": [
        "[32274,\n",
        " 32077,\n",
        " 31493,\n",
        " 40902,\n",
        " 40093,\n",
        " 52736,\n",
        " 40135,\n",
        " 36565,\n",
        " 33086,\n",
        " 30987,\n",
        " 40933,\n",
        " 33174,\n",
        " 35983,\n",
        " 37036,\n",
        " 31250,\n",
        " 35151,\n",
        " 35268,\n",
        " 47159,\n",
        " 49590,\n",
        " 34280,\n",
        " 40920,\n",
        " 29318,\n",
        " 35106,\n",
        " 32699,\n",
        " 37057,\n",
        " 38009,\n",
        " 41882,\n",
        " 48123,\n",
        " 32197,\n",
        " 46844,\n",
        " 33564,\n",
        " 38672,\n",
        " 35018,\n",
        " 33708,\n",
        " 35210,\n",
        " 38827,\n",
        " 41283,\n",
        " 30835,\n",
        " 36499,\n",
        " 33512,\n",
        " 35674,\n",
        " 30107,\n",
        " 36752,\n",
        " 43211,\n",
        " 40619,\n",
        " 31843,\n",
        " 35676,\n",
        " 42504]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 25
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "These are read into regular Python lists which are not particularly well suited to efficient data analysis. So let's convert them to numpy arrays"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y2009 = np.array(y2009)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 26
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "y2009"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 27,
       "text": [
        "array([32274, 32077, 31493, 40902, 40093, 52736, 40135, 36565, 33086,\n",
        "       30987, 40933, 33174, 35983, 37036, 31250, 35151, 35268, 47159,\n",
        "       49590, 34280, 40920, 29318, 35106, 32699, 37057, 38009, 41882,\n",
        "       48123, 32197, 46844, 33564, 38672, 35018, 33708, 35210, 38827,\n",
        "       41283, 30835, 36499, 33512, 35674, 30107, 36752, 43211, 40619,\n",
        "       31843, 35676, 42504])"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 27
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Much better. But pulling these in and converting them a column at a time is tedious and error prone. So we will do all of this in a list comprehension."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Y = np.array( [ f.by_col(str(year)) for year in range(1929,2010) ] ) * 1.0"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 28
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Y.shape"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 29,
       "text": [
        "(81, 48)"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 29
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Y = Y.transpose()"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 30
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "Y.shape"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 31,
       "text": [
        "(48, 81)"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 31
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "We have more file types PySAL can read, particularly weights, but we will return to these later after first exploring some basic visualization."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": []
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}