graphviz-babel.org

graphviz-babel

1 Version information

(princ (concat (format "Emacs version: %s\n" (emacs-version))
               (format "org version: %s\n" (org-version))))

Emacs version: GNU Emacs 24.5.1 (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.10.8)
 of 2015-05-04 on dflt1w
org version: 8.2.10

dot -V 2>&1

2 Links

• graphviz git repository
• graphviz colors
• Node, Edge and Graph Attributes
• Tutorials
  • Dot guidebook
  • excellent tutorial by 4webmaster.de (German)

3 first test

digraph { 

  node [shape=circle,fontsize=8,fixedsize=true,width=0.9]; 
  edge [fontsize=8]; 
  rankdir=LR;

  "low-priority" [shape="doublecircle" color="orange"];
  "high-priority" [shape="doublecircle" color="orange"];

  "s1" -> "low-priority";
  "s2" -> "low-priority";
  "s3" -> "low-priority";

  "low-priority" -> "s4";
  "low-priority" -> "s5";
  "low-priority" -> "high-priority" [label="wait-time exceeded"];

  "high-priority" -> "s4";
  "high-priority" -> "s5";

}
  

4 Examples

4.1 color

digraph G {
/* Node main initialisieren und */
/* Attribute für ihn setzen     */ 
 main [shape=box, color=deeppink]
 
 main -> parse -> execute
 
/* Node init initialisieren,       */
/* Edge von main nach init und     */
/* Attribute für diese Edge setzen.*/
 main -> init [color=deeppink, 
               arrowhead=vee, 
               arrowtail=vee]
 
/* Attribute für den Node init    */
/* setzen. Das geht auch, nachdem */
/* er schon initialisiert ist.    */
 init [shape=box, color=deeppink]
 
 main -> cleanup
 execute -> make_string
 execute -> printf
 init -> make_string
 main -> printf
 
/* Bei Edges kann man die        */
/* Attribute nicht im nachhinein */
/* setzen. Dabei wird nämlich    */
/* eine zweite Edge erzeugt.     */
 execute -> compare
 execute -> compare [color=green, 
                     arrowtail=tee]
}

4.2 subgraph, cluster

• a subgraph whith a name cluster_xyz will result in a frame around the nodes.
• note that if you define {rank=same; A; B} then this implicitely already defines a subgraph. A node cannot be part of multiple subgraphs. So, you cannot force an element within a cluster and one outside of a cluster to the same rank like this.

digraph G {
rankdir=BT;
subgraph cluster_c0 {label="A"
        a0 -> a1 -> a2 -> a3;}
subgraph cluster_c1 {label="B"
        b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;}
x -> a0;
x -> b0;
a1 -> b3;
b1 -> a3;
}

To connect clusters with lines, use an edge between two nodes and clip it to the cluster frames by using the lhead and ltail directives. Using these attributes requires a compound=true statement.

digraph G {
compound=true    
rankdir=BT
subgraph cluster_c0 {a0 -> a1 -> a2 -> a3}
subgraph cluster_c1 {b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3}
x -> a0
x -> b0
a1 -> b3
b1 -> a3
// constraint=false is needed to have b1 not be underneath the rank of a1
a1 -> b1 [ltail="cluster_c0", lhead="cluster_c1", constraint=false, color=red]
}

digraph G {
rankdir=BT;
subgraph cluster_c0 {a0 -> a1 -> a3;}
subgraph cluster_c1 {b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;}
x -> a0;
x -> b0;
a1 -> b3;
b1 -> a3;
}

digraph G {
rankdir=BT;
subgraph cluster_c0 {a0 -> a1 -> a3;}
subgraph cluster_c1 {b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;}
x -> a0;
x -> b0;
a1 -> b3;
b1 -> a3;
}

4.3 flowchart

digraph {
    label="How to make sure 'input' is valid"
 
    start[shape="box", style=rounded];
    end[shape="box", style=rounded];
    if_valid[shape="diamond", style=""];
    message[shape="parallelogram", style=""]
    input[shape="parallelogram", style=""]
 
    start -> input;
    input -> if_valid;
    if_valid -> message[label="no"];
    if_valid -> end[label="yes"];
    message -> input;
 
    if_valid[label="Is input\nvalid?"]
    message[label="Show\nmessage"]
    input[label="Prompt\nfor input"]

    {rank=same; message input}
}

digraph {
start [label="Start"];

start -> decision;

decision [shape=diamond, label="Accessed externally?"];

decision -> public [label="Yes"];
decision -> notpublic [label="No"];

public [shape=box, label="public"];
notpublic [shape=diamond, label="Deny to children?"];

notpublic -> protected [label="No"]
notpublic -> private [label="Yes"]

protected [shape=box, label="protected"]
private [shape=box, label="private"]

{ rank=same; decision; public }
{ rank=same; notpublic; private }

}

digraph G {
 Back [shape=house,color=gray,style=filled,fillcolor=lightgray] [URL="Back Page"] [tooltip="Back to Main Diagram"]
 subgraph cluster0 {
         Node1
         Back -> Node1 
         Node2
         Node1 -> Node2
         Node3
         Node1 -> Node3
         color=invis
 }
 Forward [shape=invhouse,color=gray,style=filled,fillcolor=lightgray] [URL="Forward Page"] [tooltip="On to Next Diagram"]
 Node3 -> Forward
}
 

4.4 shapes

q.v. http://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/shapes.html

The cylinder shape seems to have been added in 2016-02 for the development version. Not yet active in this version.

digraph G {
   cylinder[shape=cylinder]
   circle[shape=circle]
   ellipse[shape=ellipse]
   folder[shape=folder]
   box3d[shape=box3d]
   component[shape=component]

   cylinder -> circle[style=invisible, arrowhead=none]

   plaintext[shape=plaintext]
   octagon[shape=octagon]
   cds[shape=cds]
   note[shape=note]
   {rank=same; circle; plaintext; octagon, cds, note}
   point[shape=point]
   }

5 Entity Relationship

• from http://www.tonyballantyne.com/graphs.html
• Problem: contrary to the web reference, Loan is not put in the middle of Book and Customer

digraph ER{
        node[shape=box];
        Book;
        Loan;
        Customer;
        {rank=same;Book,Customer,Loan}
        Book->Loan[dir="forward",arrowhead="crow",arrowtail="normal"];
        Customer->Loan[dir="forward",arrowhead="crow",arrowtail="normal"];
}

6 git graphs

6.1 schemas with points

6.1.1 using weight

weight can be used to keep the main nodes on the main line (stackoverflow link). The larger the weight factor of an edge is, the straighter, shorter, and in the direction of the graph it will be.

digraph G {
    rankdir="LR";
    node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point];
    edge[weight=2, arrowhead=none];
    1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9;
    edge[weight=1];
    2 -> b1 -> b2 ;
    6-> c1 -> c2;
}

• fontsize
• invisible nodes for aligning graphs

digraph G {
    rankdir="LR";
    node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point];
    edge[weight=2, arrowhead=none];
    m1 -> m2; 
    // invisible node
    node[style="invis"]
    edge[style="invis"]
    m2 -> m3 -> m4;

    lm[shape=box, style="", color="", label="master", fontsize=8.0];
    m4 -> lm[style="invisible"];

    // the branch
    node[style="", color="green1"]
    edge[weight=1, style=""];
    m2 -> b1 -> b2;


    lb[shape=box, color="", label="branch", fontsize=8.0];
    b2 -> lb[style="invisible"]
}

digraph G {
    rankdir="LR";
    node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point];
    edge[weight=3, arrowhead=none];
    m1 -> m2; 
    // invisible node
    m2 -> m3 -> m4;

    lm[shape=box, style="", color="", label="master", fontsize=8.0];
    m4 -> lm[style="invisible"];

    // the branch
    node[style="", color="green1"]
    edge[weight=2, style=""];
    m2 -> b1 -> b2;

    b1 -> m3[color="green1",arrowhead="", constraint=false];
    b2 -> m4[color="green1",arrowhead="",constraint=false];

    lb[shape=box, color="", label="branch", fontsize=8.0];
    b2 -> lb[style="invisible"]
}

6.1.2 aligning by using groups

If the end points of an edge belong to the same group, i.e., have the same group attribute, parameters are set to avoid crossings and keep the edges straight.

digraph g{
    rankdir="LR";
    node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point, group=main];
    edge[arrowhead=none];
    1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8;
    node[group=branches];
    2 ->  9 -> 10;
    5 -> 11 -> 12[color="red1"];
}

Group seems to be well suited for making graphs with branches

digraph g{
    rankdir="LR";
    edge[arrowhead=none];
    // ranksep=0.30;  // this influences the length of edges
    //splines=ortho;

    node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point, group=master];
    1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 8;
    lmaster[shape="box", label="master", fontsize=8.0];
    8 -> lmaster[style="invisible"];

    tag_v1[shape="box", group="", color="cyan", fontsize=8.0, style=filled];
    // to place the tag vertically above 4, I need to define it so that it
    // ends up in the same hierarchy level as 4, e.g. by declaring it
    // above 5 using  tag -> 5
    tag_v1 -> 5[weight=1, style=invisible];
    tag_v1 -> 4[arrowhead="", constraint=false];
    //tag_v1 -> 5[style=invisible];

    node[group=branchA];
    2 ->  a1 -> a2;
    lbrancha[shape="box", label="branch A", fontsize=8.0];
    a2 -> lbrancha[style="invisible"];

    node[group=branchB]
    3 -> b1 -> b2[color="red1"];
    lbranchb[shape="box", label="branch B", fontsize=8.0];
    b2 -> lbranchb[style="invisible"];

    node[group=branchC, weight=2];
    5 -> c1 -> c2 -> c3;
    lbranchc[shape="box", label="branch C", fontsize=8.0];
    c3 -> lbranchc[style="invisible"];
}

digraph G {
rankdir=LR;
edge[arrowhead=none];
node[width=0.15, height=0.15, shape=point];
node[group=master];
1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5;
lmaster[shape="box", label="master", fontsize=8.0];
5 -> lmaster[style="invisible"];

node[group=branch];
2 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3 -> 3;
lbrancha[shape="box", label="branch A", fontsize=8.0];
b3 -> lbrancha[style="invisible"];
}  

6.2 subgraph

digraph G
{
    graph[size="4,2.66"]
    //graph[size="8.00,5.00"]
    rankdir=BT;
    subgraph commits
    {
        "5c071a6b2c" -> "968bda3251" -> "9754d40473" -> "9e59700d33" -> "2a3242efa4";
    }
    subgraph annotations1
    {
        rank="same";
        "V1.0" [shape=box];
        "V1.0" -> "9e59700d33" [weight=0];
    }
    subgraph annotations2
    {
        rank="same";
        "br/HEAD" [shape=box];
        "br/HEAD" -> "2a3242efa4" [weight=0];
    }
}

digraph G
{
  rankdir=BT;
  subgraph master
  {
    "comm1" -> "comm2" -> "comm3" -> "comm4";
  }
  subgraph branch1
  {
    rank=same;
    "comm3" -> "br-com1" -> "br-com2";
  }
}