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server_http.hpp
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server_http.hpp
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#ifndef SERVER_HTTP_HPP
#define SERVER_HTTP_HPP
#include "utility.hpp"
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <mutex>
#include <sstream>
#include <thread>
#include <unordered_set>
#ifdef USE_STANDALONE_ASIO
#include <asio.hpp>
#include <asio/steady_timer.hpp>
namespace SimpleWeb {
using error_code = std::error_code;
using errc = std::errc;
namespace make_error_code = std;
} // namespace SimpleWeb
#else
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/steady_timer.hpp>
namespace SimpleWeb {
namespace asio = boost::asio;
using error_code = boost::system::error_code;
namespace errc = boost::system::errc;
namespace make_error_code = boost::system::errc;
} // namespace SimpleWeb
#endif
// Late 2017 TODO: remove the following checks and always use std::regex
#ifdef USE_BOOST_REGEX
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
namespace SimpleWeb {
namespace regex = boost;
}
#else
#include <regex>
namespace SimpleWeb {
namespace regex = std;
}
#endif
namespace SimpleWeb {
template <class socket_type>
class Server;
template <class socket_type>
class ServerBase {
protected:
class Session;
public:
class Response : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Response>, public std::ostream {
friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
friend class Server<socket_type>;
asio::streambuf streambuf;
std::shared_ptr<Session> session;
long timeout_content;
Response(std::shared_ptr<Session> session, long timeout_content) noexcept : std::ostream(&streambuf), session(std::move(session)), timeout_content(timeout_content) {}
template <typename size_type>
void write_header(const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header, size_type size) {
bool content_length_written = false;
bool chunked_transfer_encoding = false;
for(auto &field : header) {
if(!content_length_written && case_insensitive_equal(field.first, "content-length"))
content_length_written = true;
else if(!chunked_transfer_encoding && case_insensitive_equal(field.first, "transfer-encoding") && case_insensitive_equal(field.second, "chunked"))
chunked_transfer_encoding = true;
*this << field.first << ": " << field.second << "\r\n";
}
if(!content_length_written && !chunked_transfer_encoding && !close_connection_after_response)
*this << "Content-Length: " << size << "\r\n\r\n";
else
*this << "\r\n";
}
public:
std::size_t size() noexcept {
return streambuf.size();
}
/// Use this function if you need to recursively send parts of a longer message
void send(const std::function<void(const error_code &)> &callback = nullptr) noexcept {
session->connection->set_timeout(timeout_content);
auto self = this->shared_from_this(); // Keep Response instance alive through the following async_write
asio::async_write(*session->connection->socket, streambuf, [self, callback](const error_code &ec, std::size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {
self->session->connection->cancel_timeout();
auto lock = self->session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
if(callback)
callback(ec);
});
}
/// Write directly to stream buffer using std::ostream::write
void write(const char_type *ptr, std::streamsize n) {
std::ostream::write(ptr, n);
}
/// Convenience function for writing status line, potential header fields, and empty content
void write(StatusCode status_code = StatusCode::success_ok, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
*this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
write_header(header, 0);
}
/// Convenience function for writing status line, header fields, and content
void write(StatusCode status_code, const std::string &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
*this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
write_header(header, content.size());
if(!content.empty())
*this << content;
}
/// Convenience function for writing status line, header fields, and content
void write(StatusCode status_code, std::istream &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
*this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
content.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
auto size = content.tellg();
content.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
write_header(header, size);
if(size)
*this << content.rdbuf();
}
/// Convenience function for writing success status line, header fields, and content
void write(const std::string &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
write(StatusCode::success_ok, content, header);
}
/// Convenience function for writing success status line, header fields, and content
void write(std::istream &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
write(StatusCode::success_ok, content, header);
}
/// Convenience function for writing success status line, and header fields
void write(const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header) {
write(StatusCode::success_ok, std::string(), header);
}
/// If true, force server to close the connection after the response have been sent.
///
/// This is useful when implementing a HTTP/1.0-server sending content
/// without specifying the content length.
bool close_connection_after_response = false;
};
class Content : public std::istream {
friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
public:
std::size_t size() noexcept {
return streambuf.size();
}
/// Convenience function to return std::string. The stream buffer is consumed.
std::string string() noexcept {
try {
std::string str;
auto size = streambuf.size();
str.resize(size);
read(&str[0], static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
return str;
}
catch(...) {
return std::string();
}
}
private:
asio::streambuf &streambuf;
Content(asio::streambuf &streambuf) noexcept : std::istream(&streambuf), streambuf(streambuf) {}
};
class Request {
friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
friend class Server<socket_type>;
friend class Session;
asio::streambuf streambuf;
Request(std::size_t max_request_streambuf_size, std::shared_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint> remote_endpoint) noexcept
: streambuf(max_request_streambuf_size), content(streambuf), remote_endpoint(std::move(remote_endpoint)) {}
public:
std::string method, path, query_string, http_version;
Content content;
CaseInsensitiveMultimap header;
regex::smatch path_match;
std::shared_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint> remote_endpoint;
/// The time point when the request header was fully read.
std::chrono::system_clock::time_point header_read_time;
std::string remote_endpoint_address() noexcept {
try {
return remote_endpoint->address().to_string();
}
catch(...) {
return std::string();
}
}
unsigned short remote_endpoint_port() noexcept {
return remote_endpoint->port();
}
/// Returns query keys with percent-decoded values.
CaseInsensitiveMultimap parse_query_string() noexcept {
return SimpleWeb::QueryString::parse(query_string);
}
};
protected:
class Connection : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Connection> {
public:
template <typename... Args>
Connection(std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner, Args &&... args) noexcept : handler_runner(std::move(handler_runner)), socket(new socket_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner;
std::unique_ptr<socket_type> socket; // Socket must be unique_ptr since asio::ssl::stream<asio::ip::tcp::socket> is not movable
std::mutex socket_close_mutex;
std::unique_ptr<asio::steady_timer> timer;
std::shared_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint> remote_endpoint;
void close() noexcept {
error_code ec;
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(socket_close_mutex); // The following operations seems to be needed to run sequentially
socket->lowest_layer().shutdown(asio::ip::tcp::socket::shutdown_both, ec);
socket->lowest_layer().close(ec);
}
void set_timeout(long seconds) noexcept {
if(seconds == 0) {
timer = nullptr;
return;
}
timer = std::unique_ptr<asio::steady_timer>(new asio::steady_timer(socket->get_io_service()));
timer->expires_from_now(std::chrono::seconds(seconds));
auto self = this->shared_from_this();
timer->async_wait([self](const error_code &ec) {
if(!ec)
self->close();
});
}
void cancel_timeout() noexcept {
if(timer) {
error_code ec;
timer->cancel(ec);
}
}
};
class Session {
public:
Session(std::size_t max_request_streambuf_size, std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection) noexcept : connection(std::move(connection)) {
if(!this->connection->remote_endpoint) {
error_code ec;
this->connection->remote_endpoint = std::make_shared<asio::ip::tcp::endpoint>(this->connection->socket->lowest_layer().remote_endpoint(ec));
}
request = std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request(max_request_streambuf_size, this->connection->remote_endpoint));
}
std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection;
std::shared_ptr<Request> request;
};
public:
class Config {
friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
Config(unsigned short port) noexcept : port(port) {}
public:
/// Port number to use. Defaults to 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS. Set to 0 get an assigned port.
unsigned short port;
/// If io_service is not set, number of threads that the server will use when start() is called.
/// Defaults to 1 thread.
std::size_t thread_pool_size = 1;
/// Timeout on request handling. Defaults to 5 seconds.
long timeout_request = 5;
/// Timeout on content handling. Defaults to 300 seconds.
long timeout_content = 300;
/// Maximum size of request stream buffer. Defaults to architecture maximum.
/// Reaching this limit will result in a message_size error code.
std::size_t max_request_streambuf_size = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
/// IPv4 address in dotted decimal form or IPv6 address in hexadecimal notation.
/// If empty, the address will be any address.
std::string address;
/// Set to false to avoid binding the socket to an address that is already in use. Defaults to true.
bool reuse_address = true;
};
/// Set before calling start().
Config config;
private:
class regex_orderable : public regex::regex {
std::string str;
public:
regex_orderable(const char *regex_cstr) : regex::regex(regex_cstr), str(regex_cstr) {}
regex_orderable(std::string regex_str) : regex::regex(regex_str), str(std::move(regex_str)) {}
bool operator<(const regex_orderable &rhs) const noexcept {
return str < rhs.str;
}
};
public:
/// Warning: do not add or remove resources after start() is called
std::map<regex_orderable, std::map<std::string, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>>> resource;
std::map<std::string, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>> default_resource;
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>, const error_code &)> on_error;
std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<socket_type> &, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> on_upgrade;
/// If you have your own asio::io_service, store its pointer here before running start().
std::shared_ptr<asio::io_service> io_service;
/// If you know the server port in advance, use start() instead.
/// Returns assigned port. If io_service is not set, an internal io_service is created instead.
/// Call before accept_and_run().
unsigned short bind() {
asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint;
if(config.address.size() > 0)
endpoint = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::address::from_string(config.address), config.port);
else
endpoint = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::tcp::v4(), config.port);
if(!io_service) {
io_service = std::make_shared<asio::io_service>();
internal_io_service = true;
}
if(!acceptor)
acceptor = std::unique_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::acceptor>(new asio::ip::tcp::acceptor(*io_service));
acceptor->open(endpoint.protocol());
acceptor->set_option(asio::socket_base::reuse_address(config.reuse_address));
acceptor->bind(endpoint);
after_bind();
return acceptor->local_endpoint().port();
}
/// If you know the server port in advance, use start() instead.
/// Accept requests, and if io_service was not set before calling bind(), run the internal io_service instead.
/// Call after bind().
void accept_and_run() {
acceptor->listen();
accept();
if(internal_io_service) {
if(io_service->stopped())
io_service->reset();
// If thread_pool_size>1, start m_io_service.run() in (thread_pool_size-1) threads for thread-pooling
threads.clear();
for(std::size_t c = 1; c < config.thread_pool_size; c++) {
threads.emplace_back([this]() {
this->io_service->run();
});
}
// Main thread
if(config.thread_pool_size > 0)
io_service->run();
// Wait for the rest of the threads, if any, to finish as well
for(auto &t : threads)
t.join();
}
}
/// Start the server by calling bind() and accept_and_run()
void start() {
bind();
accept_and_run();
}
/// Stop accepting new requests, and close current connections.
void stop() noexcept {
if(acceptor) {
error_code ec;
acceptor->close(ec);
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
for(auto &connection : *connections)
connection->close();
connections->clear();
}
if(internal_io_service)
io_service->stop();
}
}
virtual ~ServerBase() noexcept {
handler_runner->stop();
stop();
}
protected:
bool internal_io_service = false;
std::unique_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::acceptor> acceptor;
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_set<Connection *>> connections;
std::shared_ptr<std::mutex> connections_mutex;
std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner;
ServerBase(unsigned short port) noexcept : config(port), connections(new std::unordered_set<Connection *>()), connections_mutex(new std::mutex()), handler_runner(new ScopeRunner()) {}
virtual void after_bind() {}
virtual void accept() = 0;
template <typename... Args>
std::shared_ptr<Connection> create_connection(Args &&... args) noexcept {
auto connections = this->connections;
auto connections_mutex = this->connections_mutex;
auto connection = std::shared_ptr<Connection>(new Connection(handler_runner, std::forward<Args>(args)...), [connections, connections_mutex](Connection *connection) {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
auto it = connections->find(connection);
if(it != connections->end())
connections->erase(it);
}
delete connection;
});
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
connections->emplace(connection.get());
}
return connection;
}
void read(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session) {
session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_request);
asio::async_read_until(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, "\r\n\r\n", [this, session](const error_code &ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) {
session->connection->cancel_timeout();
auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
session->request->header_read_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
if((!ec || ec == asio::error::not_found) && session->request->streambuf.size() == session->request->streambuf.max_size()) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, this->config.timeout_content));
response->write(StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large);
response->send();
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::message_size));
return;
}
if(!ec) {
// request->streambuf.size() is not necessarily the same as bytes_transferred, from Boost-docs:
// "After a successful async_read_until operation, the streambuf may contain additional data beyond the delimiter"
// The chosen solution is to extract lines from the stream directly when parsing the header. What is left of the
// streambuf (maybe some bytes of the content) is appended to in the async_read-function below (for retrieving content).
std::size_t num_additional_bytes = session->request->streambuf.size() - bytes_transferred;
if(!RequestMessage::parse(session->request->content, session->request->method, session->request->path,
session->request->query_string, session->request->http_version, session->request->header)) {
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::protocol_error));
return;
}
// If content, read that as well
auto header_it = session->request->header.find("Content-Length");
if(header_it != session->request->header.end()) {
unsigned long long content_length = 0;
try {
content_length = stoull(header_it->second);
}
catch(const std::exception &) {
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::protocol_error));
return;
}
if(content_length > num_additional_bytes) {
session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
asio::async_read(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, asio::transfer_exactly(content_length - num_additional_bytes), [this, session](const error_code &ec, std::size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {
session->connection->cancel_timeout();
auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
if(!ec) {
if(session->request->streambuf.size() == session->request->streambuf.max_size()) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, this->config.timeout_content));
response->write(StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large);
response->send();
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::message_size));
return;
}
this->find_resource(session);
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, ec);
});
}
else
this->find_resource(session);
}
else if((header_it = session->request->header.find("Transfer-Encoding")) != session->request->header.end() && header_it->second == "chunked") {
auto chunks_streambuf = std::make_shared<asio::streambuf>(this->config.max_request_streambuf_size);
this->read_chunked_transfer_encoded(session, chunks_streambuf);
}
else
this->find_resource(session);
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, ec);
});
}
void read_chunked_transfer_encoded(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session, const std::shared_ptr<asio::streambuf> &chunks_streambuf) {
session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
asio::async_read_until(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, "\r\n", [this, session, chunks_streambuf](const error_code &ec, size_t bytes_transferred) {
session->connection->cancel_timeout();
auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
if((!ec || ec == asio::error::not_found) && session->request->streambuf.size() == session->request->streambuf.max_size()) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, this->config.timeout_content));
response->write(StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large);
response->send();
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::message_size));
return;
}
if(!ec) {
std::string line;
getline(session->request->content, line);
bytes_transferred -= line.size() + 1;
line.pop_back();
unsigned long length = 0;
try {
length = stoul(line, 0, 16);
}
catch(...) {
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::protocol_error));
return;
}
auto num_additional_bytes = session->request->streambuf.size() - bytes_transferred;
if((2 + length) > num_additional_bytes) {
session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
asio::async_read(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, asio::transfer_exactly(2 + length - num_additional_bytes), [this, session, chunks_streambuf, length](const error_code &ec, size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {
session->connection->cancel_timeout();
auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
if(!ec) {
if(session->request->streambuf.size() == session->request->streambuf.max_size()) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, this->config.timeout_content));
response->write(StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large);
response->send();
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::message_size));
return;
}
this->read_chunked_transfer_encoded_chunk(session, chunks_streambuf, length);
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, ec);
});
}
else
this->read_chunked_transfer_encoded_chunk(session, chunks_streambuf, length);
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, ec);
});
}
void read_chunked_transfer_encoded_chunk(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session, const std::shared_ptr<asio::streambuf> &chunks_streambuf, unsigned long length) {
std::ostream tmp_stream(chunks_streambuf.get());
if(length > 0) {
std::unique_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[length]);
session->request->content.read(buffer.get(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
tmp_stream.write(buffer.get(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
if(chunks_streambuf->size() == chunks_streambuf->max_size()) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, this->config.timeout_content));
response->write(StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large);
response->send();
if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::message_size));
return;
}
}
// Remove "\r\n"
session->request->content.get();
session->request->content.get();
if(length > 0)
read_chunked_transfer_encoded(session, chunks_streambuf);
else {
if(chunks_streambuf->size() > 0) {
std::ostream ostream(&session->request->streambuf);
ostream << chunks_streambuf.get();
}
this->find_resource(session);
}
}
void find_resource(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session) {
// Upgrade connection
if(on_upgrade) {
auto it = session->request->header.find("Upgrade");
if(it != session->request->header.end()) {
// remove connection from connections
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
auto it = connections->find(session->connection.get());
if(it != connections->end())
connections->erase(it);
}
on_upgrade(session->connection->socket, session->request);
return;
}
}
// Find path- and method-match, and call write
for(auto ®ex_method : resource) {
auto it = regex_method.second.find(session->request->method);
if(it != regex_method.second.end()) {
regex::smatch sm_res;
if(regex::regex_match(session->request->path, sm_res, regex_method.first)) {
session->request->path_match = std::move(sm_res);
write(session, it->second);
return;
}
}
}
auto it = default_resource.find(session->request->method);
if(it != default_resource.end())
write(session, it->second);
}
void write(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session,
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> &resource_function) {
session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, config.timeout_content), [this](Response *response_ptr) {
auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(response_ptr);
response->send([this, response](const error_code &ec) {
if(!ec) {
if(response->close_connection_after_response)
return;
auto range = response->session->request->header.equal_range("Connection");
for(auto it = range.first; it != range.second; it++) {
if(case_insensitive_equal(it->second, "close"))
return;
else if(case_insensitive_equal(it->second, "keep-alive")) {
auto new_session = std::make_shared<Session>(this->config.max_request_streambuf_size, response->session->connection);
this->read(new_session);
return;
}
}
if(response->session->request->http_version >= "1.1") {
auto new_session = std::make_shared<Session>(this->config.max_request_streambuf_size, response->session->connection);
this->read(new_session);
return;
}
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(response->session->request, ec);
});
});
try {
resource_function(response, session->request);
}
catch(const std::exception &) {
if(on_error)
on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::operation_canceled));
return;
}
}
};
template <class socket_type>
class Server : public ServerBase<socket_type> {};
using HTTP = asio::ip::tcp::socket;
template <>
class Server<HTTP> : public ServerBase<HTTP> {
public:
Server() noexcept : ServerBase<HTTP>::ServerBase(80) {}
protected:
void accept() override {
auto connection = create_connection(*io_service);
acceptor->async_accept(*connection->socket, [this, connection](const error_code &ec) {
auto lock = connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
if(!lock)
return;
// Immediately start accepting a new connection (unless io_service has been stopped)
if(ec != asio::error::operation_aborted)
this->accept();
auto session = std::make_shared<Session>(config.max_request_streambuf_size, connection);
if(!ec) {
asio::ip::tcp::no_delay option(true);
error_code ec;
session->connection->socket->set_option(option, ec);
this->read(session);
}
else if(this->on_error)
this->on_error(session->request, ec);
});
}
};
} // namespace SimpleWeb
#endif /* SERVER_HTTP_HPP */