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@misc{dong2023build,
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@misc{cui2023chatlaw,
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author={LeCun, Yann
and Bengio, Yoshua
and Hinton, Geoffrey},
title={Deep learning},
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abstract={Deep learning allows computational models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction. These methods have dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object recognition, object detection and many other domains such as drug discovery and genomics. Deep learning discovers intricate structure in large data sets by using the backpropagation algorithm to indicate how a machine should change its internal parameters that are used to compute the representation in each layer from the representation in the previous layer. Deep convolutional nets have brought about breakthroughs in processing images, video, speech and audio, whereas recurrent nets have shone light on sequential data such as text and speech.},
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url={https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539}
}

@book{Caelen_Blete_2023, title={Developing Apps with GPT-4 and ChatGPT}, url={http://books.google.ie/books?id=XaXTEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Developing+Apps+with+GPT-4+and+ChatGPT&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api}, publisher={“O’Reilly Media, Inc.”}, author={Caelen, Olivier and Blete, Marie-Alice}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }

@book{Deisenroth2020,
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  author = {Deisenroth, Marc Peter and Faisal, A. Aldo and Ong, Cheng Soon},
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  interhash = {876f4a593e888f3257674a89d7456f25},
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  keywords = {general_machine_learning},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
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  title = {Mathematics for Machine Learning},
  year = 2020
}

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@article{Sherstinsky_2020,
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   year={2020},
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}

@misc{alamin2024history,
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@article{chatbotHistoryChatbots,
author = {Zemčík, Tomáš},
year = {2019},
month = {10},
pages = {},
title = {A Brief History of Chatbots},
journal = {DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering},
doi = {10.12783/dtcse/aicae2019/31439}
}

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author = {Weizenbaum, Joseph},
title = {ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine},
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issue_date = {Jan. 1966},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
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pages = {36–45},
numpages = {10}
}

@misc{siri,
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    journal={Apple Machine Learning Research} 
}

@misc{soudani2024fine,
      title={Fine Tuning vs. Retrieval Augmented Generation for Less Popular Knowledge}, 
      author={Heydar Soudani and Evangelos Kanoulas and Faegheh Hasibi},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2403.01432},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{lewis2021retrievalaugmented,
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      author={Patrick Lewis and Ethan Perez and Aleksandra Piktus and Fabio Petroni and Vladimir Karpukhin and Naman Goyal and Heinrich Küttler and Mike Lewis and Wen-tau Yih and Tim Rocktäschel and Sebastian Riedel and Douwe Kiela},
      year={2021},
      eprint={2005.11401},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{mlprocess, title={How to Learn Machine Learning in Three months and advance your IT Career?}, url={https://www.aegissofttech.com/articles/learn-machine-learning.html}, journal={Aegis Softtech}, author={Softtech, Aegis}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }

@misc{datagenerate2010, title={Volume of data/information created, captured, copied, and consumed worldwide from 2010 to 2020, with forecasts from 2021 to 2025}, url={https://www.statista.com/statistics/871513/worldwide-data-created/}, journal={Statista}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }

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@misc{ml_task, title={Machine learning tasks - ML.NET}, url={https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/machine-learning/resources/tasks}, journal={Microsoft Learn}, author={Luisquintanilla}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }

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@article{gemma_2024,
    title={Gemma},
    url={https://www.kaggle.com/m/3301},
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    author={Gemma Team},
    year={2024}
}

@misc{Kassel_2023, title={Epoch: Définition, mode de fonctionnement et utilisation}, url={https://datascientest.com/qu-est-ce-qu-un-epoch-en-machine-learning}, journal={Formation Data Science | DataScientest.com}, author={Kassel, Raphael}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }

@misc{overfitting, title={Qu’est-ce que le surapprentissage}, url={https://aws.amazon.com/fr/what-is/overfitting}, journal={Amazon Web Services, Inc.} }

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      year={2017},
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author = {Boroojerdi, Soha and Rudolph, George},
year = {2022},
month = {05},
pages = {1-6},
title = {Handwritten Multi-Digit Recognition With Machine Learning},
doi = {10.1109/IETC54973.2022.9796722}
}

@book{McMahon_2023, title={Machine Learning Engineering with Python - Second Edition}, url={http://books.google.ie/books?id=uY3vzwEACAAJ&dq=Machine+Learning+Engineering+with+Python&hl=&cd=3&source=gbs_api}, author={McMahon, Andrew}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }

@misc{Agarwal, title={N-gram Language Modeling in Natural Language Processing - KDnuggets}, url={https://www.kdnuggets.com/2022/06/ngram-language-modeling-natural-language-processing.html}, journal={KDnuggets}, author={Agarwal, Neeraj} }

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  intrahash = {524f90b3a901a933f9e1071f84276925},
  journal = {Izvistia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk (Bulletin de {l'Acad\'{e}mie}
  {Imp\'{e}riale} des Sciences de {St.-P\'{e}tersbourg)}},
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  timestamp = {2008-03-17T11:32:50.000+0100},
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  statistical investigation of the text of ``{E}ugene {O}negin" illustrating
  the dependence between samples in chain')},
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  year = 1913
}

@book{Min69,
  added-at = {2013-12-05T10:32:26.000+0100},
  address = {Cambridge, MA},
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  intrahash = {4587aec0472c41d00c38bf3e888304ba},
  keywords = {critic minsky papert perceptron},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  timestamp = {2013-12-05T10:32:26.000+0100},
  title = {Perceptrons},
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}


@misc{Jaspreet_2022, title={A Concise History of Neural Networks - Towards Data Science}, url={https://towardsdatascience.com/a-concise-history-of-neural-networks-2070655d3fec}, journal={Medium}, author={Jaspreet}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }

@misc{ruder2016overview,
    title={An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms},
    author={Sebastian Ruder},
    year={2016},
    eprint={1609.04747},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

@book{Jurafsky2009,
  added-at = {2013-04-24T13:46:19.000+0200},
  address = {Upper Saddle River, N.J.},
  author = {Jurafsky, Dan and Martin, James H.},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fb7fa20679ebb9d69d27d7c9682fd774/lopusz_kdd},
  description = {Speech and Language Processing (2nd Edition): Daniel Jurafsky, James H. Martin: 9780131873216: Amazon.com: Books},
  interhash = {5f4a309a36c3da5e3becbf0ac5d88413},
  intrahash = {fb7fa20679ebb9d69d27d7c9682fd774},
  isbn = {9780131873216 0131873210},
  keywords = {language},
  publisher = {Pearson Prentice Hall},
  refid = {213375806},
  timestamp = {2013-04-24T13:46:19.000+0200},
  title = {Speech and language processing : an introduction to natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition},
  url = {http://www.amazon.com/Speech-Language-Processing-2nd-Edition/dp/0131873210/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y},
  year = 2009
}

@misc{frwiki:212163472,
    author = "Wikipédia",
    title = "Hiérarchie des normes --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
    year = "2024",
    url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hi%C3%A9rarchie_des_normes&oldid=212163472",
    note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 5-février-2024]"
}

@misc{Kelsen_Raphael_2024, title={Pyramide de Kelsen et hiérarchie des normes}, url={https://aideauxtd.com/pyramide-de-kelsen/}, journal={Aideauxtd.com}, author={Raphaël}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }

@misc{Kelsen_jurixio_2023, title={La hiérarchie des normes (ou pyramide des normes de Kelsen)}, url={https://www.jurixio.fr/la-hierarchie-des-normes-la-pyramide-de-kelsen/}, journal={L’école Jurixio}, author={Jurixio}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }

@misc{frwiki:213425509,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Hans Kelsen --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2024",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Kelsen&oldid=213425509",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 17-mars-2024]"
 }

@misc{frwiki:205358830,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Corpus --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2023",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus&oldid=205358830",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 21-juin-2023]"
 }

@misc{frwiki:213039317,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Frank Rosenblatt --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2024",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Rosenblatt&oldid=213039317",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 4-mars-2024]"
 }

@misc{frwiki:213207404,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Algorithme --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2024",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Algorithme&oldid=213207404",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 9-mars-2024]"
 }

@misc{Oracle_datamining_2024, 
    url={https://www.oracle.com/fr/database/data-mining-definition}, 
    journal={Oracle France},
    title={Qu’est-ce que le Data Mining},
    year={2024},
    note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 2-avril-2024]"
}

@misc{frwiki:205243717,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Robot d'indexation --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2023",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robot_d%27indexation&oldid=205243717",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 17-juin-2023]"
 }

@book{Chakrabarti_2002, title={Mining the Web}, url={http://books.google.ie/books?id=5Zxw1h6yc_UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Mining+the+Web.+Discovering+Knowledge+from+Hypertext+Data&hl=&cd=1&source=gbs_api}, publisher={Morgan Kaufmann}, author={Chakrabarti, Soumen}, year={2002}, month={Oct} }

@article{BRIN1998107,
title = {The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine},
journal = {Computer Networks and ISDN Systems},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {107-117},
year = {1998},
note = {Proceedings of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference},
issn = {0169-7552},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016975529800110X},
author = {Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page},
keywords = {World Wide Web, Search engines, Information retrieval, PageRank, Google},
}

 @misc{ frwiki:203869267,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "Beautiful Soup --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2023",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beautiful_Soup&oldid=203869267",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 1-mai-2023]"
 }

@misc{rfc1321,
  added-at = {2011-10-12T21:36:55.000+0200},
  author = {Rivest, Ronald L.},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2e8938160bac7a3f519d2cae5dd58507b/stroeh},
  howpublished = {Internet RFC 1321},
  interhash = {3f1dd3e4123e81be1d4cc2449b4b74dd},
  intrahash = {e8938160bac7a3f519d2cae5dd58507b},
  keywords = {hash md5},
  month = {April},
  timestamp = {2011-10-12T21:36:55.000+0200},
  title = {The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm},
  topic = {md5[1]},
  url = {http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1321},
  year = 1992
}

 @misc{ frwiki:203545836,
   author = "Wikipédia",
   title = "MD5 --- Wikipédia{,} l'encyclopédie libre",
   year = "2023",
   url = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MD5&oldid=203545836",
   note = "[En ligne; Page disponible le 21-avril-2023]"
 }

@misc{smith_tesseract_2007,
  added-at = {2023-09-21T14:48:16.000+0200},
  author = {Smith, Ray},
  biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2fbee393ca197bc09b36aed88dc7dcdb0/glonga},
  description = {OSCON 2007 Portland},
  interhash = {045132d7b2961a13079ab07ae97c47a5},
  intrahash = {fbee393ca197bc09b36aed88dc7dcdb0},
  keywords = {2007 Engine OCR Tesseract},
  timestamp = {2023-09-21T14:50:09.000+0200},
  title = {Tesseract {OCR} {Engine}},
  url = {https://web.archive.org/web/20160819190257/tesseract-ocr.googlecode.com/files/TesseractOSCON.pdf},
  year = 2007
}

@misc{Anala_2020, title={A Guide to Word Embedding}, url={https://towardsdatascience.com/a-guide-to-word-embeddings-8a23817ab60f}, journal={towardsdatascience.com}, author={Anala, Shraddha }, year={2020}, month={Oct} }

@misc{Embeddings, url={https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/embeddings/video-lecture}, journal={Google for Developers}, title={Machine Learning : Embeddings}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, author={Google Developers} }

@misc{onehotencoding,
author = {Samuels, Jamell},
year = {2024},
month = {01},
title = {One-Hot Encoding and Two-Hot Encoding: An Introduction},
doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.21459.76327}
}

@inproceedings{pennington2014glove,
  added-at = {2018-05-24T11:05:28.000+0200},
  author = {Pennington, Jeffrey and Socher, Richard and Manning, Christopher D.},
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  interhash = {29813227df1eea94efa14c7df2b5553a},
  intrahash = {96ee059fcb49b261f72f843715c3adb9},
  keywords = {embeddings ma representation word},
  pages = {1532--1543},
  timestamp = {2018-05-24T11:05:28.000+0200},
  title = {GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation},
  url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1162},
  year = 2014
}

@misc{bojanowski2016enriching,
    title={Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information},
    author={Piotr Bojanowski and Edouard Grave and Armand Joulin and Tomas Mikolov},
    year={2016},
    eprint={1607.04606},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{devlin2018bert,
    title={BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding},
    author={Jacob Devlin and Ming-Wei Chang and Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova},
    year={2018},
    eprint={1810.04805},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{zhu2024understanding,
      title={Understanding Privacy Risks of Embeddings Induced by Large Language Models}, 
      author={Zhihao Zhu and Ninglu Shao and Defu Lian and Chenwang Wu and Zheng Liu and Yi Yang and Enhong Chen},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2404.16587},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

@misc{bai2024hallucination,
    title={Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey},
    author={Zechen Bai and Pichao Wang and Tianjun Xiao and Tong He and Zongbo Han and Zheng Zhang and Mike Zheng Shou},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2404.18930},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

@misc{rag_architecture, title={Qu’est-ce que RAG ? - Explication de la génération augmentée par extraction - AWS}, url={https://aws.amazon.com/fr/what-is/retrieval-augmented-generation/}, journal={Amazon Web Services, Inc.} }

@book{joel_21AD, address={RDC}, edition={1}, title={Cours d’introduction générale à l'étude du droit - part 1}, volume={1}, publisher={Université Nouveaux Horizons}, author={JOËL, MAKWA KANDUNGI}, year={2021}, month=oct }

@book{joel_22AD, address={RDC}, edition={1}, title={Cours d’introduction générale à l'étude du droit - part 2}, volume={2}, publisher={Université Nouveaux Horizons}, author={JOËL, MAKWA KANDUNGI}, year={2021}, month=oct }

@book{joel_23AD, address={RDC}, edition={1}, title={Cours d’introduction générale à l'étude du droit - part 3}, volume={3}, publisher={Université Nouveaux Horizons}, author={JOËL, MAKWA KANDUNGI}, year={2021}, month=oct }

@book{Etienne_2012, 
    address={DRC}, 
    edition={1}, 
    title={INTRODUCTION GENERAL A L’ETUDE DU DROIT}, 
    url={https://leganet.cd/Doctrine.textes/g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralit%C3%A9/Intro.ilunga.2012.pdf}, 
    author={Etienne, ILUNGA KABULULU}, 
    year={2012}, 
    month=jan, 
    publisher={leganet.cd} 
}

@misc{brown2020languagemodelsfewshotlearners,
      title={Language Models are Few-Shot Learners}, 
      author={Tom B. Brown and Benjamin Mann and Nick Ryder and Melanie Subbiah and Jared Kaplan and Prafulla Dhariwal and Arvind Neelakantan and Pranav Shyam and Girish Sastry and Amanda Askell and Sandhini Agarwal and Ariel Herbert-Voss and Gretchen Krueger and Tom Henighan and Rewon Child and Aditya Ramesh and Daniel M. Ziegler and Jeffrey Wu and Clemens Winter and Christopher Hesse and Mark Chen and Eric Sigler and Mateusz Litwin and Scott Gray and Benjamin Chess and Jack Clark and Christopher Berner and Sam McCandlish and Alec Radford and Ilya Sutskever and Dario Amodei},
      year={2020},
      eprint={2005.14165},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165}, 
}