diff --git a/src/bentoml/_internal/cloud/model.py b/src/bentoml/_internal/cloud/model.py
index f2f5a145e99..6a02f1f30e5 100644
--- a/src/bentoml/_internal/cloud/model.py
+++ b/src/bentoml/_internal/cloud/model.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import warnings
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
+from threading import Lock
 
 import attrs
 import fs
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 class ModelAPI:
     _client: RestApiClient = attrs.field(repr=False)
     spinner: Spinner = attrs.field(repr=False, factory=Spinner)
+    _lock: Lock = attrs.field(repr=False, init=False, factory=Lock)
 
     def push(
         self,
@@ -88,17 +90,22 @@ def _do_push_model(
         if version is None:
             raise BentoMLException(f'Model "{model}" version cannot be None')
 
-        with self.spinner.spin(text=f'Fetching model repository "{name}"'):
-            model_repository = rest_client.v1.get_model_repository(
-                model_repository_name=name
-            )
-        if not model_repository:
-            with self.spinner.spin(
-                text=f'Model repository "{name}" not found, creating now..'
-            ):
-                model_repository = rest_client.v1.create_model_repository(
-                    req=CreateModelRepositorySchema(name=name, description="")
+        with self._lock:
+            # Models might be pushed by multiple threads at the same time
+            # when they are under the same model repository, race condition
+            # might happen when creating the model repository. So we need to
+            # protect it with a lock.
+            with self.spinner.spin(text=f'Fetching model repository "{name}"'):
+                model_repository = rest_client.v1.get_model_repository(
+                    model_repository_name=name
                 )
+            if not model_repository:
+                with self.spinner.spin(
+                    text=f'Model repository "{name}" not found, creating now..'
+                ):
+                    model_repository = rest_client.v1.create_model_repository(
+                        req=CreateModelRepositorySchema(name=name, description="")
+                    )
         with self.spinner.spin(
             text=f'Try fetching model "{model}" from remote model store..'
         ):