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index.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/Chart.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app.css">
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js"></script>
<!-- <script src="js/Chart.bundle.min.js"></script> -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/Chart.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/chartjs-plugin-zoom.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="katex/katex.min.css">
<script src="katex/katex.min.js"></script>
<script src="katex/contrib/auto-render.min.js"></script>
<style>
.frame {
margin-top: 50px;
padding: 20px;
display: flex;
justify-content: left;
}
.frame-left {
border-radius: 10px 0 0 10px;
background: #ae84ba;
width: 180px;
height: 380px;
float: left;
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.frame-right {
border-radius: 0px 10px 10px 0px;
background: #61badd;
width: 180px;
height: 380px;
float: left;
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.frame-inner-left {
border-radius: 10px 0 0 10px;
background: #9962a8;
width: 100px;
height: 150px;
float: right;
position: relative;
top: 115px;
}
.frame-inner-right {
border-radius: 0px 10px 10px 0px;
background: #2993be;
width: 100px;
height: 150px;
float: left;
position: relative;
top: 115px;
}
.infected {
border-radius: 20px;
background: #404040;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
position: relative;
z-index: 2;
}
.normal {
border-radius: 20px;
background: #dfdfdf;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
position: relative;
z-index: 2;
}
.frame-selected {
border-radius: 10px;
background: #ffffff00;
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
top: 115px;
left: 280px;
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.frame-selected:hover {
box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(20%, 20%, 40%, 0.5);
}
.mytooltip {
position: relative;
width: 0px;
height: 500px;
}
.mytooltip h4 {
color: #404040;
font-size: medium;
position: relative;
float: center;
/* display: block; */
z-index: 10;
top: -40px;
left: 200px;
width: 360px;
text-align: center;
}
.operation{
margin-left: 20px;
}
.operation > .mybtn{
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.addshadow{
box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px rgba(51, 51, 102, 0.659);
/* z-index: 1; */
}
.infotext{
margin-top: -100px;
position: relative;
width: 100%;
}
.infotext > div{
width: 80%;
text-align: justify;
}
</style>
<script>
var sepc_isactive = 0;
var sens_isactive = 0;
$(document).ready(function () {
$('.normal').hover(
function () {
$('.normal').css('background-color', 'khaki');
$('#tooltiptext').html('<br>normal');
}, function () {
$('.normal').css('background-color', '#dfdfdf');
$('#tooltiptext').text('');
if (sepc_isactive == 1) {
active_spec();
}
if (sens_isactive == 1) {
active_sens();
}
}
)
$('.infected').hover(
function () {
$('.infected').css('background-color', 'Moccasin');
$('#tooltiptext').html('<br>infected');
}, function () {
$('.infected').css('background-color', '#404040');
$('#tooltiptext').text('');
if (sepc_isactive == 1) {
active_spec();
}
if (sens_isactive == 1) {
active_sens();
}
}
)
$('.frame-selected').hover(
function () {
$('.infected').filter('.positive').css('background-color', 'PaleVioletRed');
$('.normal').filter('.positive').css('background-color', 'PaleVioletRed');
$('#tooltiptext').html('selected elements <br>(elements identified as positive)');
}, function () {
$('.infected').filter('.positive').css('background-color', '#404040');
$('.normal').filter('.positive').css('background-color', '#dfdfdf');
$('#tooltiptext').text('');
if (sepc_isactive == 1) {
active_spec();
}
if (sens_isactive == 1) {
active_sens();
}
}
)
$('#sens').tooltip('enable');
$('#spec').tooltip('enable');
function reset() {
$(".frame-inner-left").removeClass('addshadow');
$('.infected').css('background-color', '#404040');
$("#sens_text").hide();
$(".frame-inner-right").removeClass('addshadow');
$('.normal').css('background-color', '#dfdfdf');
$("#spec_text").hide();
sepc_isactive = 0;
sens_isactive = 0;
}
function active_sens() {
$(".frame-inner-left").addClass('addshadow');
$('.infected').css('background-color', 'Moccasin');
$('.infected').filter('.positive').css('background-color', 'PaleVioletRed');
$("#sens_text").show()
sens_isactive = 1;
}
function active_spec() {
$(".frame-inner-right").addClass('addshadow');
$('.normal').css('background-color', 'khaki');
$('.normal').filter('.positive').css('background-color', 'PaleVioletRed');
$("#spec_text").show()
sepc_isactive = 1;
}
$("#sens").click(function(e){
e.stopPropagation();
reset();
active_sens();
})
$("#spec").click(function (e) {
e.stopPropagation();
reset();
active_spec();
})
$("body").click(function () {
reset();
})
})
$(document).ready(function () {
renderMathInElement(document.body, {
delimiters: [
{ left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true },
{ left: "$", right: "$", display: false },
{ left: "\\[", right: "\\]", display: true }
]
});
});
</script>
<!-- Latest compiled and minified JavaScript -->
<title>Group Testing for COVID-19</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark fixed-top bg-dark">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Group Testing for COVID-19</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent"
aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
<ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
<li class="nav-item active">
<a class="nav-link" href="index.html">Introduction<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="chart.html">Simulation</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<main role="main" class="container">
<h4>Without testing there is no data</h4>
<p>“Why is data on testing important? No country knows the total number of people infected with COVID-19. All we
know is
the infection status of those who have been tested. All those who have a lab-confirmed infection are counted
as
confirmed cases. This means that the counts of confirmed cases depend on how much a country actually tests.
Testing is our window onto the pandemic and how it is spreading. Without data on who is infected by the
virus we have no
way of understanding the pandemic. Without this data we can not know which countries are doing well, and
which are just
underreporting cases and deaths.” - Our World in Data</p>
<h4>Group testing vs individual testing</h4>
<p>Many countries have used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for the diagnosis of
SARS-CoV-2.
An important feature of RT-PCR assay is rapid and highly sensitive. However, most testing strategies rely on
individual
tests of cases with restrictive diagnostic criteria. Now, attentions also turn to tests of cases who have
mild or
moderate symptoms, or are asymptomatic although tests on such cases are limited. Testing these cases is
important to
learn the actual number of people infected and slow the spread of COVID-19. Because the amount of cases to
test is
relatively large, an alternative strategy called group testing has been proposed. Group testing is
well-suited to these
cases since it is considered most efficient when the infection level is low. This interactive web is
designed for
understanding the power of group testing for COVID-19. Three kinds of group testing strategies are compared,
including
Dorfman’s pooling method, the grid method and the triple grid method. For details of the methodology, please
refer to
our work.</p>
<div class="frame">
<div class="mytooltip">
<h4 id="tooltiptext"><br>(moving your mouse to interact)</h4>
</div>
<div class="frame-selected">
</div>
<div class="frame-left">
<div class="frame-inner-left">
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 10px;left: 40px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 20px;left: 10px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: -10px;left: 70px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 0px;left: 40px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 0px;left: 65px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 0px;left: 15px;"></div>
<div class="infected positive" style="top: 0px;left: 50px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="infected" style="top: 300px;left: 40px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="frame-right">
<div class="frame-inner-right">
<div class="normal positive" style="top: 40px;left: 60px;"></div>
<div class="normal positive" style="top: 80px;left: 30px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 40px;left: 90px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 50px;left: 90px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 30px;left: 40px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 80px;left: 135px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 120px;left: 110px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 180px;left: 80px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 180px;left: 30px;"></div>
<div class="normal" style="top: 180px;left: 130px;"></div>
</div>
<div class="operation">
<div class="input-group mybtn" role="group" aria-label="Vertical button group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger" id="sens" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="How many infected samples are identified correctly?">Sensitivity</button>
</div>
<div class="input-group mybtn" role="group" aria-label="Vertical button group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary" id="spec" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="How many normal samples are identified correctly?">Specificity</button>
</div>
<div id="sens_text" style="display: none;">
$\text{Sensitivity} = \frac{7}{8}$<br>
$\text{FNR} = 1 － \text{Sensitivity} = \frac{1}{8}$
</div>
<div id="spec_text" style="display: none;">
$\text{Specificity} = \frac{8}{10}$<br>
$\text{FPR} = 1 － \text{Specificity} = \frac{2}{10}$
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="infotext row justify-content-md-center">
<div class="col-md-auto">Sensitivity and specificity can be confusing terms that may lead to misunderstanding. This figure explains these
notions
of statistical measures of test accuracy, including FPR (false positive rate) and FNR (false negative rate).
Although
(sensitivity, FNR) and (specificity, FPR) are simply the inverse of each other, in order to distinguish the
notions
on
tests or strategies that we are talking about, sensitivity and specificity are only used for strategy outcomes
while
FNR
and FPR are used for test outcomes.</div>
</div>
</main>
</body>
</html>