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MNIST Handwritten Digits Recognition using PyTorch

ForTheBadge built-with-love

MNIST dataset

The MNIST database is available at http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/

The MNIST database is a dataset of handwritten digits. It has 60,000 training samples, and 10,000 test samples. Each image is represented by 28x28 pixels, each containing a value 0 - 255 with its grayscale value.

It is a subset of a larger set available from NIST. The digits have been size-normalized and centered in a fixed-size image.

Thanks to Yann LeCun, Corinna Cortes, Christopher J.C. Burges.

Results

A validation dataset of size 12,000 was deduced from the Training dataset with its size being changed to 48,000. We train the following models for 20 epochs.

Prarameters Initialization

  • Both models have been initialized with random weights sampled from a normal distribution and bias with 0.
  • These parameters have been intialized only for the Linear layers present in both of the models.
  • If n represents number of nodes in a Linear Layer, then weights are given as a sample of normal distribution in the range (0,y). Here y represents standard deviation calculated as y=1.0/sqrt(n)
  • Normal distribution is chosen since the probability of choosing a set of weights closer to zero in the distribution is more than that of the higher values. Unlike in Uniform distribution where probability of choosing any value is equal.

Model - 1 : FFNN

  • This Linear Model uses 784 nodes at input layer, 512, 256 nodes in the first and second hidden layers respectively, with ouput layer of 10 nodes (10 classes).
  • The test accuracy is 97.81% (This result uses dropout probability of 20%)
  • A FNet_model.pth file has been included. With this one can directly load the model state_dict and use for testing.

Model - 2 : CNN

  • The Convolutional Neural Netowork has 2 convolution layers and pooling layers with 3 fully connected layers. The first convolution layer takes in a channel of dimension 1 since the images are grayscaled. The kernel size is chosen to be of size 3x3 with stride of 1. The output of this convolution is set to 16 channels which means it will extract 16 feature maps using 16 kernels. We pad the image with a padding size of 1 so that the input and output dimensions are same. The output dimension at this layer will be 16 x 28 x 28. The we apply RelU activation to it followed by a max-pooling layer with kernel size of 2 and stride 2. This down-samples the feature maps to dimension of 16 x 14 x 14.
  • The second convolution layer will have an input channel size of 16. We choose an output channel size to be 32 which means it will extract 32 feature maps. The kernel size for this layer is 3 with stride 1. We again use a padding size of 1 so that the input and output dimension remain the same. The output dimension at this layer will be 32 x 14 x 14. We then follow up it with a RelU activation and a max-pooling layer with kernel of size 2 and stride 2. This down-samples the feature maps to dimension of 32 x 7 x 7.
  • Finally, 3 fully connected layers are used. We will pass a flattened version of the feature maps to the first fully connected layer. The fully connected layers have 1568 nodes at input layer, 512, 256 nodes in the first and second hidden layers respectively, with ouput layer of 10 nodes (10 classes). So we have two fully connected layers of size 1568 x 512 followed up by 512 x 256 and 256 x 10.
  • The test accuracy is 99.11% (This result uses dropout probability of 20%)
  • A convNet_model.pth file has been included. With this one can directly load the model state_dict and use for testing.