Carbon Capture variables - add more detail

[strefler]

Issues mentioned by Elmar Kriegler in PR208 - to be taken up in further PRs:

Larger issue: The Carbon Capture|Industry variables are confusing. Industry is certainly a sector to zoom in on wrt carbon capture, but for the sum over sources, the energy part is covered by Fossil+Biomass+Synthetic Fuels and we are left with Industrial processes as the only additional source of carbon capture from industry. So all variables Carbon Capture|Industry|Industrial Processes (Lines 75-80) should have the "|Industry" in the name removed, and directly sum to CC|Industrial Processes. Suggest to add CC|Industrial Processes|Other Sector to make sure the summation is complete.

Should we remove all other variables CC|Industry (Lines 30-33 and 51-74)?

Note that 30-32 are captured by CC|Biomass+Fossil|Energy|Demand|Industry so those definitely can be removed. We should add CC|Synthetic Fuels|Energy|Demand|Industry to capture variable 33 and get the sum in Line 30 right. Hence we do not need 30-33, but can calculate them from the above if needed.

On Lines 51-74, I do not see that further sectoral detail on carbon capture from industry energy use would be super useful. Hence we might indeed remove these variables. But if we keep them, let us use consistent nomenclature, i.e. CC|Biomass+Fossil+ Synthetic Fuel|Energy|Demand|Industry|. Then everything sums nicely.

Minor items:

M1. Line 29 (xls spreadsheet): Carbon capture|Carbon-Neutral Fuels. There are two types of synthetic fuels, carbon-neutral and from fossil sources. If we want to have summation by source, I think we should interprete CC|Biomass, CC|Fossil, CC|DAC as everything not going through the synthetic fuel route, and then have CC|Synthetic Fuels and the split CC|Synthetic Fuels|Fossil and CC|Synthetic Fuels|Carbon-Neutral (the latter includes e-fuels using biogenic CO2 or DAC) as additional items in the source list. Then the summation works.

M2. Line 50: Should be called: Carbon Capture|Other Sources

M3. We probably need to add CC|Geological Storage|Synthetic Fuels and the further split into Carbon-Neutral and Fossil Synthetic Fuels see above to make the Geological Storage variables sum properly. This would replace CC|Geological Storage|Electricity in Line 84 (to be removed).

M4. It would be good to add the sub-categories of Industrial processes to CC|Geological Storage|Industrial Processes (Line 85). E.g. it is interesting to get an idea about Cement CCS (cement ~ Non-metallic minerals) vs. captured CO2 from cement plants that is utilized.

Some broader points:

B1. We need to define the boundary between short-lived and long-lived material. I suggest that everything stored in materials and re-released within 5 years (one IAM time step) is short-lived and everything which is stored for a decade or longer is long-lived.

For completeness, we would need an emissions variable for the CO2 re-released from long-lived materials, i.e. Emissions|CO2|Materials|Long-lived.

B2. Jessica already commented that Leakage should not include leakage from geological storage reservoirs, as this is not adding to the carbon captured per time step. I suggest that leakage from reservoirs is rather added as emissions variable: Emissions|CO2|Geological Storage|Leakage.

B3, To fully establish the link to emissions, we would further need to add Emissions|CO2|Carbon Capture|Leakage (= Carbon Capture|Leakage) and Emissions|CO2|Materials|Short-lived (=Carbon Capture|Utilization|Materials|Short-Lived)

B4. The GB reports carbon removal from the cement carbonation sink. We also should include this in the reporting, this is 0.8 GtCO2 globally per year. Should we add Carbon removal|Cement carbonation to the carbon removal variables? The question is if then want two sums for carbon removal, one excluding and one including the cement carbonation sink.
MissingVariables-CDR-CCS_ek.xlsx

[strefler]

M1 has been taken up by PR208
M2 has been taken up by PR217
For M3+M4 we will need another PR that adds more detailed variables. That PR should also relate to the "large issue" and the MissingVariables xlsx
The broader points need to be discussed; in my view they are not that urgent for scenarioMIP

[strefler]

Regarding M3+M4, I have sorted the original xlsx file with the missing variables, and marked in green what we already have. The remaining carbon capture variables should be straightforward to implement. @danielhuppmann do you have a script to convert these to yaml and would you be willing to create a PR to add these more detailed variables?
MissingVariables-CDR-CCS_ek-js.xlsx