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ItaloCobains
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@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ title: ItaloCobainsBlog | |
| email: [email protected] | ||
| description: >- # this means to ignore newlines until "baseurl:" | ||
| Bem-vindo ao nosso blog, um espaço dedicado à exploração do fascinante mundo da programação, tecnologia, hacking ético e ciência da computação. Mergulhe conosco em uma jornada repleta de insights e novidades, enquanto compartilhamos nosso conhecimento e paixão por esses campos em constante evolução. | ||
| baseurl: "" # the subpath of your site, e.g. /blog | ||
| url: "" # the base hostname & protocol for your site, e.g. http://example.com | ||
| # Comentários do Disqus | ||
| disqus: | ||
| shortname: ItaloCobainsBlog | ||
| # Deixe o nome abreviado em branco para desativar os comentários em todo o site. | ||
| # Desative comentários para qualquer postagem adicionando `comments: false` ao YAML Front Matter dessa postagem. | ||
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| url: "http://ItaloCobainsBlog.com" # the base hostname & protocol for your site, e.g. http://example.com | ||
| twitter_username: JustItalow | ||
| github_username: ItaloCobains | ||
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@@ -27,6 +32,7 @@ markdown: kramdown | |
| theme: minima | ||
| plugins: | ||
| - jekyll-feed | ||
| - jekyll-seo-tag | ||
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| # Exclude from processing. | ||
| # The following items will not be processed, by default. Create a custom list | ||
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| {% if page.comments != false and jekyll.environment == "production" %} | ||
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| <div id="disqus_thread"></div> | ||
| <script> | ||
| var disqus_config = function () { | ||
| this.page.url = '{{ page.url | absolute_url }}'; | ||
| this.page.identifier = '{{ page.url | absolute_url }}'; | ||
| }; | ||
| (function () { | ||
| var d = document, s = d.createElement('script'); | ||
| s.src = 'https://{{ site.disqus.shortname }}.disqus.com/embed.js'; | ||
| s.setAttribute('data-timestamp', +new Date()); | ||
| (d.head || d.body).appendChild(s); | ||
| })(); | ||
| </script> | ||
| <noscript>Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="https://disqus.com/?ref_noscript" rel="nofollow">comments | ||
| powered by Disqus.</a></noscript> | ||
| {% endif %} |
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| <h1 id="o-que-é-um-lex-ou-avaliador-lexico-">O que é um <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lex</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">avaliador lexico</code> ?</h1> | ||
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| <p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Lexical analyzer</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lex</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">avaliador léxico</code> é um processo fundamental na arquitetura de qualquer interpretador ou compilador. Ele é responsável por analisar o <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">codigo fonte</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">entrada de texto</code> iterando sobre cada caractere é gerando <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tokens</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">simbolos</code> que vão ser importante para os próximos passos de um compilador/interpretador.</p> | ||
|
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| <h2 id="como-escrever-um-lex-">Como escrever um lex ?</h2> | ||
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| <p>Exemplo: LexEstupido.js</p> | ||
| <div class="language-js highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">Token</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nx">Lexer</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
|
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| <span class="nx">isWhitespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sr">/</span><span class="se">\s</span><span class="sr">/</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="nx">isDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sr">/</span><span class="se">\d</span><span class="sr">/</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="nx">isAlpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="sr">/</span><span class="se">[</span><span class="sr">a-zA-Z_</span><span class="se">]</span><span class="sr">/</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="nx">getNextToken</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">char</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">];</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isWhitespace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">continue</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="k">case</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parseNumber</span><span class="p">();</span> | ||
| <span class="k">case</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isAlpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">parseIdentifier</span><span class="p">();</span> | ||
| <span class="k">case</span> <span class="sr">/</span><span class="se">[\+\-\*\/\(\)]</span><span class="sr">/</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">):</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Token</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">char</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">:</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Token</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">EQUALS</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">=</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="nl">default</span><span class="p">:</span> | ||
| <span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">`Erro léxico: Caractere inesperado '</span><span class="p">${</span><span class="nx">char</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="s2">' na posição </span><span class="p">${</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="s2">`</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="c1">// Fim do código</span> | ||
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="nx">parseNumber</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="dl">''</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">]))</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">];</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Token</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">NUMBER</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">parseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">));</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="nx">parseIdentifier</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="dl">''</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isAlpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">isDigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">])))</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="nx">value</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">code</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="p">];</span> | ||
| <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">position</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Token</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="s1">ID</span><span class="dl">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="nx">tokenize</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">tokens</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[];</span> | ||
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| <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nx">token</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">token</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getNextToken</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">!==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> | ||
| <span class="nx">tokens</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">token</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
|
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| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">tokens</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
| <span class="p">}</span> | ||
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| <span class="c1">// Exemplo de uso</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">codigoFonte</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="dl">"</span><span class="s2">x = 10 + 20 * (30 - 5)</span><span class="dl">"</span><span class="p">;</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">lexer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Lexer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">codigoFonte</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
| <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">tokensResultantes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">lexer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">tokenize</span><span class="p">();</span> | ||
| <span class="nx">console</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">tokensResultantes</span><span class="p">);</span> | ||
|
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| </code></pre></div></div> | ||
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| <p>Primeiramente, criamos um ‘Token’, uma estrutura que armazena a identidade de cada caractere. É importante observar que um ‘Token’ pode conter mais atributos do que os exemplificados aqui; meu exemplo é simplificado.</p> | ||
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| <p>Em seguida, começamos com a classe que recebe o código no construtor. Posteriormente, o método ‘tokenize’ é implementado como o principal da classe, responsável por percorrer o código fonte. O método ‘getNextToken’ é encarregado de identificar o caractere atual e atribuí-lo a um ‘Token’. Os demais métodos servem apenas como validadores de strings. Ao final, o vetor de ‘Tokens’ é retornado.”</p> |
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